تأثیر جاده‌های جنگلی بر فلور، شکل زیستی و انتشار جغرافیایی پوشش گیاهی در تیپ ممرز- راش، جنگل خیرود

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

ساخت شبکه جاده­ های جنگلی از جمله دخالت­ های انسانی است که سبب آشفتگی در جنگل می­ شود. هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین فاصله اثرگذار جاده­ های درجه دو جنگلی بر فلور، شکل زیستی و انتشار جغرافیایی گونه­ های گیاهی در تیپ ممرز- راش، جنگل خیرود نوشهر بود. بدین ‏منظور، 36 خط‌ نمونه به ‌طول 100 متر (در هر دامنه خاک­ریزی و خاک­برداری 18 خط­ نمونه) از حاشیه جاده­ تا درون جنگل انتخاب و در طول هر خط­ نمونه، هشت قطعه­ نمونه به ابعاد 2×1 متر با فواصل صفر متری (حاشیه جاده)، پنج، 10، 15، 20، 30، 45 و 100 متری برداشت شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشینه فاصله اثرگذار جاده بر فلور، 15 متر است زیرا که از این فاصله به بعد، درصد فراوانی دو خانواده­ ی Fagaceae و Betulaceae به صورت غالب در می­آید و خانواده­های Rosaceae، Cyperaceae و Poaceae درصد حضورشان کاهش می­یابد. بیشترین فاصله اثرگذار بر شکل زیستی، 20 متر است زیرا بعد از این فاصله درصد حضور ژئوفیت­ها و همی­کریپتوفیت­ ها کم و بر درصد حضور فانروفیت‌ها افزوده می­شود. جاده­ های جنگلی تا بیشینه فاصله 15 متر بر انتشار جغرافیایی گیاهان اثرگذارند زیرا بعد از این فاصله، کروتیپ­های جهان‌وطنی و نیمه­‏ جهان­وطنی حضور ندارند و درصد حضور گونه­ های چندناحیه­ ای کاهش و شکل غالب انتشار جغرافیایی به صورت اروپا- سیبری یا اروپا- سیبری و مدیترانه‏ ای تغییر می­یابد. استفاده از بیل مکانیکی به جای بولدوزر در هنگام ساخت جاده که تخریب کمتری در عرصه ایجاد می‌کند و رعایت دقیق استانداردهای پروفیل­ های طولی و عرضی جاده جنگلی می‌تواند باعث کاهش اثرات منفی جاده بر بوم‌سازگان شود.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of forest roads on flora, life forms, and chorology of plants in Hornbeam-beech Kheyrud forest

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Deljouei 1
  • S.M.M. Sadeghi 2
  • E. Abdi 3
  • M. Hasanvand 4
چکیده [English]

     Constructing forest roads network is a kind of human intervention that causes disturbances in the forest. The aim of this study was to determine the effective distance of secondary forest roads on flora, life forms and chorology of plants in Hornbeam-beech Kheyrud forest in Nowshahr. For this purpose, 36 transects with a length of 100 m (eighteen transects at each fill slope and cut slope) were selected from the road edge into forest interior. Along each transect, 8 plots of 2 × 1 m were collected by intervals of zero (road edge), 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 100 meters. The results showed that the maximum effective distance of road on the flora was 15 meters, because in other distances, the frequency of Fagaceae and Betulaceae plants became dominant, and moreover, presence of Rosaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae plants decreased. Furthermore, the maximum effective distance on life form was 20 meters, as a result, after this interval percentage of geophytes and hemicryptophytes decreased, however, there was an increase in percentage of phanerophytes. Also, the forest roads effect on chorology were up to a maximum distance of 15 m. Cosmopolitan and sub-cosmopolitan chorotypes were not exist in higher distances and the presence of multiregional species was declined. Dominant form of distribution altered in the form of Europe-Siberia or Europe-Siberia and Mediterranean. Using the excavator instead of bulldozer for the road constructing that provide less environment disturbance and strict compliance with longitudinal and transverse profiles of forest roads can reduce the negative effects of roads on ecosystem.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Effective distance
  • road ecology
  • road edge
  • TRANSECT

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 بهمن 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 اسفند 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 بهمن 1396

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