نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 نویسنده مسئول، مربی پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قزوین، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، قزوین، ایران
2 استاد پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات زنبورعسل، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، البرز، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and Objective: In terms of the number of species, the genus Andrena with 1619 species is the second largest genus of Apoidea bees worldwide, after the genus Lasioglossum with 1841 species. This genus is mainly distributed in the Holarctic and has the greatest diversity in the Mediterranean and Xeric regions. The species of this genus have a global distribution, except for South America, most central regions of Africa, Southeast Asia, and Australia. For the genus Andrena, there are 97 subgenera in the world and 40 subgenera in Iran. In terms of species abundance, Andrena is the largest genus among the genera of pollinating bees in the world and the most diverse genus of bees in the Holarctic region and can be considered as one of the most important pollinators of crops and spring trees. Given that many Andrena species have not yet been described (especially those in the arid regions of Central Asia and North America) and that many of the described subspecies may reach species rank, the actual number of Andrena species may be close to 2000.
Methodology: This article presents the results of a study of the fauna of Andrena bees in Qazvin province between 2017 and 2018. The bees were collected from plants with insect nets, killed with ethyl acetate, and then dissected and prepared for identification.
Results: This study led to the identification of 20 species belonging to the genus Andrena and the subgenera Aenandrena (one species), Campylogaster (one species), Chlorandrena (one species), Euandrena (one species), Leucandrena (one species), Melandrena (three species), Micrandrena (three species), Notandrena (one species), Plastandrena (three species), Poliandrena (one species), Simandrena (one species), Truncandrena (one species), and Zonandrena (two species). Among these species, three: Andrena (Micrandrena) niveata Friese, 1887, Andrena (Zonandrena) chrysopyga Schenck, 1853, and Andrena (Euandrena) fulvida Schenck, 1853, are new to the fauna of Iran.
Conclusion: The area of Iran, compared to neighboring countries such as Turkey (twice as large) and Azerbaijan (nineteen times smaller), together with its position at the boundary between the Eastern and Western Palearctic biogeographical regions and the presence of numerous habitats supporting diverse bee communities—including forest–steppe and pasture ecosystems, high mountain ranges, and semi-desert areas—indicates a high potential for species richness of bees. Nevertheless, comprehensive information on this fauna has not yet been fully documented. To date, only 1062 species of Apoidea have been reported from Iran, whereas 1803 species have been listed for Turkey and 570 species for Azerbaijan. The number of Andrena species recorded from Iran (239 species) is lower than that of neighboring countries {Turkey (356 species) and Azerbaijan (125 species)}, highlighting the need for further investigations. Among the 31 provinces of Iran, fewer than ten species have been recorded from nine provinces, and no specimens have yet been reported from six provinces. A total of 43 subgenera of Andrena have been documented from Iran, representing nearly half of the subgenera known worldwide (91 subgenera). Although this region still shows remarkably high faunal richness compared with most Mediterranean countries, the true level of species diversity is likely to be considerably higher following more detailed surveys and taxonomic revisions. Given the wide range of geographical zones and the great diversity of vegetation and climatic conditions in Iran, studies on bee identification—particularly andrenid bees—remain insufficient, and many species are still likely to be unknown to the Iranian bee fauna.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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