علل بروز تضاد در مدیریت منابع‌طبیعی از دیدگاه بهره‌برداران و کارشناسان در حوضه‌های سفید رود و پلرود استان گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه منابع طبیعی، واحد خلخال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خلخال، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه منابع طبیعی، واحد خلخال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خلخال، ایران

3 دانش‌آموخته دکتری علوم مرتع، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

10.22092/ijfrpr.2022.354956.1496

چکیده

جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور یکی از مهمترین منابع تامین معیشت بهره‌برداران بوده است. هدف این تحقیق شناخت عوامل موثر در بروز تضاد بین کنشگران ذینفع در مدیریت منابع‌طبیعی است. در این مطالعه، مؤلفه‌های حقوقی، مدیریتی، بهره‌برداری و اجتماعی از دیدگاه کارشناسان و بهره‌برداران در حوزه‌های آبخیز جنگلی پایین دست سفید رود و پلرود در استان گیلان بررسی شد. 173 پرسشنامه با کارشناسان منابع طبیعی و بهره‌برداران به روش گلوله برفی تکمیل گردید. روایی پرسشنامه 93/0 بدست آمد. از آزمون ناپارامتری من-ویتنی برای مقایسه دیدگاه دو گروه استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد بین دیدگاه بهره‌برداران و کارشناسان دولتی از نظر عوامل موثر در تضاد، اختلاف معنی دار وجود دارد. مهم‌ترین مؤلفه‌های موثر در افزایش تضاد در این منطقه از دیدگاه بهره‌برداران، کمبود قوانین، نقص قوانین، قطع درختان، کمبود قرقبان، کمرنگ بودن حضور زنان، پایین بودن همیاری است. از نظر کارشناسان کمبود قوانین، زمین خواری، نداشتن تعاونی مرتعداری، وابستگی معیشتی مردم به طبیعت، پایین بودن آگاهی بهره‌برداران، میزان همیاری معرفی شده است. زمین خواری، یکی از مهم‌ترین مساله چالش‌زا در منطقه تحقیق است که توسط هر دو گروه، به عنوان عامل موثر قوی در تضاد معرفی شد. مسائل مربوط به چرای زودرس، مفرط، قاچاق چوب، ذغال گیری، طولانی بودن مدت چرا، شخم زیر اشکوب از نظر هر دو گروه، به عنوان اولویت‌های تخریب منابع طبیعی، انتخاب نشد. از نظر مدیریتی نیز هر دو گروه، موثرترین روش کاهش تضاد را قرق جنگل‌ها و مراتع اعلام کرده‌اند. به نظر می‌رسد، طرح‌های توقف بهره‌برداری از جنگل‌ها، در این منطقه با پذیرش بیشتری برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Causes of Conflict in Natural Resource Management from the Perspective of Stakeholders and Experts, in Sefidroud and Polroud basins, Gilan Province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sadroddin Kasaei 1
  • Mohsen Maleki 2
  • Masume Sadat Hosseini nasab 3
1 Department of Natural Resources, Khalkhal Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal, Iran
2 Department of Natural Resources, Khalkhal Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal, Iran
3 Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Environment, Rangeland and Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
چکیده [English]

Forests and Rangelands are one of the main sources of stakeholders' Livelihood.The aim of this research is the recognition of effective factors in the conflict between the stakeholders in natural resource management.In this study, legal, managerial, exploitation, and social components were examined from the perspectives ofboth experts and stakeholders ofSefidroud and Polroud basins.173 questionnaires were completed by the officials of natural resources with the Snowball Method.The validity of the questionnaire was 0.93.The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the views of two groups.The results show that there is significant difference between the stakeholders and experts.The most important components for increasing the conflict in this region from the perspective of stakeholders are the lack of rules, the defect in the rules,cut down trees, shortage of inhibitor, the low presence of women, low cooperation. According to the experts, lack of rules, land grabbing, lack of rangeland cooperative,dependence of people’s livelihood on nature, and low level of awareness of stakeholders and low cooperation, has been introduced.Land grabbing is one of the most challenging issues in this area, which is introduced by both groups as astrong effective factor inthe conflict.Issues related to the early grazing, overgrazing, and wood smuggling, coaling, long time grazing, the understory tillage, were not primary factors for the natural resources degradation according to the both group.From the managerial point ofview,both groups have declared that the most effective way to reduce the conflict is the enclosure of forests and rangelands.The plans ofstopping exploitation offorests are more accepted in this region

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • conflict
  • legal factors
  • managerial factors
  • social factors
  • exploitation
  • deforestation

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 تیر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 21 دی 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 اسفند 1400

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