تأثیر آفت پروانه جوانه‌خوار بلوط (Tortrix viridana L.) بر شاخص سطح برگ در زاگرس شمالی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، گروه جنگل‌‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 گروه جنگل‌‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 بخش تحقیقات جنگل، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

4 گروه علوم منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تامسون ریورز، ایالت بریتیش کلمبیا، کانادا

چکیده

فعالیت پروانه جوانه‌خوار بلوط (Tortrix viridana L.) منجر به تغییر الگوی فنولوژی درختان و تغییر مقدار شاخص سطح برگ در ناحیه رویشی زاگرس می‌شود. در پژوهش پیش‌رو، روند تغییرات شاخص سطح برگ در دو منطقه شاهد (بدون آفت) و آفت‌زده در جنگل‌های بلوط شهرستان سردشت استان آذربایجان غربی مطالعه شد. با استفاده از دوربین لنز چشم ماهی در 15 نقطه از هر یک از دو منطقه، از فروردین تا آذر 1399، در 32 نوبت عکس‌برداری شد و همبستگی شاخص سطح برگ با پارامترهای اقلیمی دما، نقصان فشار بخار، بارش، تبخیر و ساعات آفتابی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین شاخص سطح برگ در منطقه شاهد 51/1 و در منطقه آفت‌زده 90/0 و این اختلاف در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد معنی‌دار بود. بیشینه شاخص در منطقه آفت‌زده (32/1) در 19 خرداد و در منطقه شاهد (81/1) با تأخیر زمانی 8 روزه در 11 خرداد رخ داد. شاخص سطح برگ در هر دو منطقه شاهد و آفت‌زده با کلیه پارامترهای اقلیمی (به‌جز بارش) همبستگی مثبت معنی‌دار نشان داد. پارامترهای اقلیمی، همبستگی بیشتری را با شاخص سطح برگ در منطقه شاهد در مقایسه با منطقه آفت‎زده نشان دادند (میانگین 6/0 در مقابل 4/0). دما در هر دو منطقه، دارای بیشترین همبستگی با شاخص سطح برگ بود (7/0 در منطقه شاهد و 5/0 در منطقه آفت‌زده). حساسیت شاخص سطح برگ به فعالیت آفت پروانه جوانه‌خوار بلوط و نیز اثرپذیری شاخص از پارامترهای اقلیمی، نشان داد که تغییرات اقلیمی می‌تواند تاثیرات شگرفی بر فنولوژی درختان بلوط در این ناحیه رویشی داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of green oak tortrix (Tortrix viridana) on trees' leaf area index in the Northern Zagros

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elahe Maroufzade 1
  • Pedram Attarod 2
  • Mehdi Pourhashemi 3
  • Thomas Grany Pypker 4
1 Ph.D. student of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
2 Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
3 Department of Forest, Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland, AREEO, Tehran
4 Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thomson Rivers University, British Columbia, Canada
چکیده [English]

Green oak tortrix, also known as green oak leaf-roller (Tortrix viridana), is a pest that changes the phenological pattern and leaf area index (LAI) of trees in the Zagros vegetation area. We compared changes in LAI changes in control (pest-free) and pest-affected areas of oak forests in Sardasht City of west Azerbaijan province, western Iran. During the developmental stage of the canopy at both study sties (i.e., from April to December 2020), 32 pictures were taken at 15 locations using a fisheye lens camera. Changes in LAI were correlated to changes in temperature, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), precipitation, evaporation, and sunshine hours. Average LAI in the control (1.51) was significantly greater than the pest-affected areas (0.90) (p-value < 0.01). LAI peaked at 1.32 in the pest affected area on 8 June 2020, whereas the peak value of 1.81 was observed 8 days earlier (31 May 2020) in the control area. Apart from rainfall, LAI had a significant, positive correlation with all climatic parameters in both control and pest areas. However, LAI showed a stronger correlation with climatic parameters in the control area (mean r=0.6) compared to the pest-affected areas (mean r=0.4). In both studied areas, temperature had the highest correlation coefficient with LAI (0.7 in the control vs. 0.5 in the pest affected area). The sensitivity of LAI to both green oak tortrix and climatic parameters suggests that the climate change may result in future alterations on oak tree phenology.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • West Azerbaijan
  • Climatic parameters
  • Correlation coefficient
  • Oak forest
  • Temperature
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