اثر جهت جغرافیایی و شدت خشکیدگی تاجی بر وضعیت عناصر برگ و خاک توده‌های جنگلی بلوط ایرانی، Quercus brantii Lindl. (مطالعه موردی جنگل‌های مله‌سیاه، استان ایلام)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مرتع و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران

2 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مرتع و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر جهت دامنه و شدت خشکیدگی تاجی بر وضعیت عناصر غذایی برگ درختان بلوط ایرانی در معرض خشکیدگی و خاک رویشگاه در جنگل‌های استان ایلام انجام شد. با این هدف، منطقه جنگلی مله‌سیاه در نظر گرفته شد و دو محدوده یک هکتاری در جهت‌های جغرافیایی شمالی و جنوبی با موقعیت ارتفاعی تقریباً یکسان انتخاب شد. در هر محدوده، 10 درخت از دو کلاسه خشکیدگی تاجی سالم و سرخشکیده انتخاب شد. از چهار سمت اصلی تاج درختان و قسمت میانی تاج و شاخه‌های انتهایی آنها، نمونه‌های برگ جمع‌آوری شد. همچنین، از سمت جنوبی درختان منتخب، نمونه‌های خاک از دو عمق تهیه شد. نمونه‌های جمع‌آوری شده برای آنالیز و تجزیه عناصر کربن آلی، نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم به آزمایشگاه منتقل شد. نتایج نشان داد، جهت دامنه و شدت خشکیدگی تاجی اثر معنی‌داری بر میزان فسفر، کلسیم و منیزیم برگ درختان بلوط دارند. به‌طوری‌که میزان فسفر برگ در رویشگاه شمالی بیشتر از رویشگاه جنوبی بود. میزان کلسیم و منیزیم برگ در رویشگاه شمالی بیشتر از جنوبی و در درختان سرخشکیده بیشتر از درختان سالم بود. همچنین، میزان کربن آلی خاک تحت تأثیر معنی‌دار جهت دامنه بود و میزان کربن آلی عمق 20-0 سانتی‌متر خاک در رویشگاه شمالی کمتر از رویشگاه جنوبی بود. میزان اسیدیته، کربنات کلسیم و رطوبت خاک عمق 20-0 سانتی‌متر و رطوبت خاک عمق 50-20 سانتی‌متر نیز تحت تأثیر جهت دامنه تغییر کردند. نتیجه‌گیری شد که عناصر غذایی برگ تغییرات بیشتری نسبت به عناصر خاک تحت تأثیر عوامل یادشده داشته و میزان این تغییرات در ارتباط با جهت دامنه بیشتر بود. درختان بلوط مورد‌ مطالعه با درجه‌های خشکیدگی تاجی مختلف از ‌نظر عناصر ماکرو خاک وضعیتی مشابه، اما از ‌نظر عناصر ماکرو برگ وضعیتی متفاوت داشتند. با توجه به تفاوت رویشگاه‌های آنها از ‌نظر میزان رطوبت و اسیدیته خاک، می‌توان گفت که وضعیت خشکیدگی تاج درختان با سازوکار‌های فیزیولوژیک درون درختان در جذب آب و مواد غذایی ارتباط دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of slope aspect and crown dieback intensity on leaf and soil nutrient status in Persian oak stands, Quercus brantii Lindl. (Case study, Melah-Siah forests, Ilam province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • ahmad hosseini 1
  • Mohammad Matinizadeh 2
  • mehdi pourhashemi 2
  • SHAMSOLLAH ASGARI 3
1 , Department of Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Management, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ilam, Iran
2 Department of Forest Research, Research institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Management, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ilam, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was done to investigate the effect of slope aspect and crown dieback intensity on the nutrient status of leaves of Persian oak trees influenced by dieback and site soil in the forests of Ilam province. For this purpose, the Forest area of Melah-Siah was considered and two one-hectare areas on the northern and southern aspects with almost the same altitude levels were selected. In each selected area, 10 trees were sampled in two intensities of healthy and dieback affected. Leaf samples were collected from the four main sides of tree crown and the middle part of the crown and from their terminal branches. Furthermore, from the south side of the selected trees, soil samples were prepared from two depths. Collected samples were transferred to the laboratory for analysis of OC, N, P, K, Ca and Mg.  The results showed that the slope-aspect and crown dieback intensities have significant effects on the amount of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in Persian oak tree leaves. So that, the amount of leaf phosphorus in the northern site was higher than the southern site. Leaf calcium and magnesium concentrations were higher in the north site than the south site and in dieback-affected trees than the healthy trees. Also, the amount of soil organic carbon was significantly affected by slope aspect. The OC content in depth of 0-20 cm, in the northern site was less than the southern site. The amount of pH, CaCO3 and soil moisture in the depth of 0-20 cm and soil moisture in the depth of 20-50 cm were also changed under the slope aspect. It was concluded that leaf nutrients had more changes than soil elements under the influence of considered factors and the amount of these changes was more attributed to the slope-aspect. The studied Persian oak trees with different crown dieback degrees had a similar situation in terms of soil macro elements, but had different conditions in terms of leaf macro elements. Considering the differences between their habitats in terms of soil moisture and pH, it can be said that the dieback severity of tree crowns is related to physiological mechanisms in trees for absorbing water and nutrients.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tree Decline
  • Persian Oak Forests
  • Nutrients
  • Zagros
  • Drought

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 خرداد 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 مهر 1400

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