تنوع گونه ای مگس‌های پارازیتوئید خانواده ( Tachinidae (Diptera در استان‌ گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان‌شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز،

2 استاد، گروه حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تنوع گونه‌ای به مفهوم تعداد گونه‌های موجود و فراوانی آنها در یک محدوده جغرافیایی است که مقدار آن با حضور گونه‌های بیشتر افزایش می‌یابد. خانواده Tachinidae با حدود 8500 گونه شناسایی شده در دنیا، دومین خانواده از نظر تنوع گونه‌ای در راسته دوبالان است که از این تعداد بیش از 1600 گونه از منطقه پالئارکتیک گزارش شده‌اند. گونه‌های این خانواده به‌دلیل شیوه‌ زندگی پارازیتوئیدی روی سایر حشرات، از ‌نظر محیط‌زیستی و اقتصادی اهمیت زیادی دارند و به طیف وسیعی از بندپایان حمله می‌کنند. در مطالعه پیش‌رو، فراوانی نسبی و شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی این مگس‌ها براساس نمونه‌برداری‌های مستمر و منظم با استفاده از تله مالیز در 7 منطقه از استان‌ گیلان طی سال‌ 1389 بررسی شد. درمجموع تعداد 249 نمونه مگس از 57 گونه و 45 جنس و چهار زیرخانواده از این خانواده جمع‌آوری و شناسایی شدند. گونه‌های زیرخانواده Exoristinae بیشترین فراوانی را در مناطق مورد ‌مطالعه داشته و پس از آن زیرخانواده Tachininae قرار دارد. از ‌نظر شاخص‌های غنای منهنیک و مارگالف، شاخص تنوع گونه‌ای شانون- واینر و نیز ضریب یکنواختی سیمپسون بین مناطق مورد‌ بررسی اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال 5 درصد مشاهده شد. منطقه ارکم با پوشش غالب درختان برگ‌ریز و باغ‌های فندق، بیشترین مقادیر شاخص‌های غنای گونه‌ای و تنوع گونه‌ای را در بین مناطق مورد ‌مطالعه به خود اختصاص داد و کمترین مقادیر این شاخص‌ها متعلق به اشمان کماچال با پوشش شالیزار بود. البته بین شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی و ارتفاع مناطق مورد ‌مطالعه، همبستگی مثبتی وجود داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Species diversity of family Tachinidae (Diptera) in Gilan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farnaz Seyedi-Sahebari 1
  • Ali Asghar Talebi 2
1 East-Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
2 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Entomology, Tarbiat Modares University
چکیده [English]

Species diversity means the number of existing species and their abundance in a geographical area, which increases with the number of existing species. Tachinidae is the second family of Diptera in terms of diversity, with about 8500 valid species worldwide, and nearly 1,600 in the Palaearctic region. This family is ecologically and economically important due to their parasitoid lifestyle on other insects. Tachinids attack a wide range of arthropod hosts. In the present study, the relative abundance and biodiversity indices of these flies were investigated based on continuous and regular sampling using Malaise traps traps in Gilan province during 2010. A total of 249 specimens belonging to 57 species of this family were collected and identified. Species of the subfamily Exoristinae are most abundant in the study areas, followed by Tachininae. Biodiversity indices were significantly difference between studied areas of Gilan province (P ≤ 0.05) based on Menhinick and Margalef richness indices, Shannon & Wiener diversity index and Simpson evenness. Orkom region with the predominant vegetation of deciduous trees and hazelnut orchards has the highest values of richness and diversity indices among the studied areas and the lowest values of these indices belong to the region Ashman Kamachal, which covered with rice fields. A positive correlation between biodiversity indices and altitude of studied areas was observed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Relative Abundance
  • Biodiversity indices
  • Tachinidae
  • Gilan
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