شناسایی عامل شانکر باکتریایی صنوبر در استان‌های زنجان و مرکزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه میکروبیولوژی و بیماری‌های گیاهی، موسسه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی و جنگل، دانشگاه پرتوریا، پرتوریا، آفریقای جنوبی

3 کارشناس ارشد پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

از کلن‌های مختلف صنوبر در استان‌های گیلان، زنجان، مرکزی، آذربایجان‌غربی، کرمانشاه و همدان بازدید و از شانکرهای روی شاخه‌های یک تا چندساله و تنه‌ی دارای علائم زخم، نمونه‌برداری گردید. از نمونه‌های استان‌های زنجان (هشت جدایه) و مرکزی (چهار جدایه) از باکتری‌های زردرنگ و لعاب‌دار جداسازی شد. بیماریزایی جدایه‌ها روی سرشاخه‌های جوان صنوبر و واکنش فوق‌حساسیت در توتون اثبات شد. کلیه‌ی جدایه‌ها در واکنش‌های گرم، اکسیداز، آرژینین‌دهیدرولاز، هیدرولیز ژلاتین، لسیتیناز و اوره‌آز منفی، و در آزمون کاتالازمثبت و قادر به هیدرولیز اسکولین، توئین80، تولید لوان و تولید H2S ازسیستئین و پپتون بودند. تمامی استرین‌ها از قندهای سوکروز، فروکتوز، اینوزیتول، ترهالوز، گالاکتوز، و نمک-های فومارات و سوکسینات‌سدیم به‌عنوان تنها منبع کربن استفاده، ولی از ال‌آرابینوز، لاکتوز، دی‌سوربیتول، ال‌رامنوز، رافینوز، مالتوز، دی‌ریبوز، ملی‌بیوز، سیترات و استات‌سدیم استفاده نکردند. براساس ویژگی‌های باکتری‌شناسی و بیماریزایی عامل بیماری Xanthomonas populi (ex Ridé 1958) Ridé and Ridé 1992 شناسایی شد. درصد آلودگی تنه درختان صنوبر در ایستگاه خسبیجان (اراک) بین 0.7 تا 13.3 درصد تعیین گردید. کلن‌های P.b 56.21، P.a 49.39 و P.b 72.13 دارای کمترین آلودگی و کلن‌های P. n 56.21 ، P. n 72.14 و P. n 56.52 بیشترین آلودگی را داشتند. از کلن‌ P.a 72.7 در ایستگاه خسبیجان و همچنین از کلن‌های مختلف در ارومیه، کرمانشاه، آذربایجان‌غربی و همدان این باکتری جداسازی نشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of poplar bacterial canker in Zanjan and Markazi provinces

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Alizadeh Aliabadi 1
  • F. Jami 2
  • M.R. Arefipoor 3
1 Corresponding author, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
3 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to identify the bacterial canker of poplar, various poplar clones in Gilan, Zanjan, Markazi, Western Azerbaijan, Kermanshah and Hamedan provinces were visited. Branches of one to several years old and trunk with canker symptoms were collected. Bacteria were isolated from the collected samples from Zanjan and Markazi provinces on nutrient agar medium. The bacterial colonies were yellow and mucoid in nutrient agar sucrose medium. Pathogenicity of bacterial isolates was confirmed on poplar young shoots. All strains had hypersensitivity reaction on pepper and tobacco leaves. All bacterial isolates were gram-negative, oxidase, arginine dehydrolase, gelatin hydrolysis, lecithinase and urease negative, but catalase, esculin hydrolysis, levan production, tween-80 hydrolysis and production of H2S from cysteine and peptons were positive. All strains used sucrose, fructose, inositol, trehalose, galactose, sodium fumarate and sodium succinate. But they did not use l-arabinose, lactose, di-sorbitol, l-ramnose, raffinose, maltose, di-ribose and mellibiose. Based on their bacteriological properties and pathogenicity, all isolates were identified as Xanthomonas populi. The infection rate of poplar trees in Khosbijan station (Arak) were evaluated. Based on our results, the highest infection was observed in clones of, Populus nigra (P.n 56.52, P.n 56.21 and P.n 72.14) and the lowest infection was observed in clones of, P. alba (P.a 49.39) and P. betulifolia (P.b 56.21 and P.b 72.13) clones. The bacterium was not isolated from P.a 72.7 clone. This bacterium was not isolated from P.a 72.7 clone at Khosbijan station and from cankers of different poplar clones in Urmia, Kermanshah, Western Azerbaijan and Hamedan provinces.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • bacteria
  • canker
  • poplar
  • Xanthomonas populi
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