خصوصیات خاک در زیستگاه‌های طبیعی قارچ ترافل (Tuber spp.) در استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

4 کارشناس، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش بمنظور بررسی ویژگی‌های خاک در رویشگاه‌های طبیعی قارچ‌های ترافل (Tuber spp.) در شش سایت منتخب واقع در جنگل‌های لوه استان گلستان انجام شد. نمونه‌برداری از ریشه مهمترین درختان میزبان توبرها در هر سایت صورت گرفت. شناسایی قارچ توبر همزیست پس از تکثیر ناحیه ITSrDNA و آنالیز مقایسه‌ای توالی آن با توالی‌های نوکلئوتیدی پایگاه داده Genbank صورت گرفت. جهت نمونه‌برداری از خاک اطراف ریشه‌ها، برای هر واحد اکولوژیک پنج نمونه خاک برداشت شد و پس از مخلوط شدن یک نمونه مرکب از آن تهیه گردید. پس از آماده نمودن نمونه‌های خاک، میزان اسیدیته، ماده آلی، نیتروژن کل، کربنات کلسیم، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم و فسفر خاک اندازه‌گیری شد. قارچ توبر همزیست به‌عنوان گونه ترافل سیاه تابستانه (Tuber aestivum) شناسایی شد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد اندام‌های بارده قارچ توبر تابستانه، در خاک‌های با pH قلیایی و غلظت کم فسفر حضور داشتند. نسبت کربن/نیتروژن در تمام خاک‌ها بالای ده بود که نشان دهنده ترجیح این قارچ نسبت به خاک‌هایی است که غنی از نیتروژن در دسترس نمی‌باشند و مقدار بالای نیتروژن در خاک می‌تواند توسعه میکوریزا را محدود کند. نسبت کلسیم/ منیزیم بالا برای قارچ توبر مطلوب‌تر است، زیرا درصد کلونیزاسیون قارچی در سایت‌های با نسبت بالاتر کلسیم به منیزیم، بیشتر بود. نسبت پتاسیم/ منیزیم در تمام مناطق پایین (پایین‌تر از دو) بود. همچنین در این تحقیق مشخص شد در استان گلستان، به غیر از بلوط، گونه‌های گیاهی دیگری نیز از نظر میزبانی قارچ‌های توبر از اهمیت برخوردارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Soil Properties in Natural Truffle (Tuber spp.) Habits in Golestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh Masoomeh Zamani 1
  • Reihaneh Gholami Ghavam abad 2
  • Asadollah Karimidoost 3
  • Sattar Zeinali 4
1 Iran, Tehran
3 Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.
4 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands,of Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to investigate the properties of soil in natural habitats of truffle fungi (Tuber spp.) in six selected sites located in Loveh forests of Golestan province. Sampling of tree roots was done in the area that the host of Tuber spp. was existed and most of the truffle was harvested from them. The Tuber fungus was identified by the ITSrDNA region and comparing its sequence with the nucleotide sequences of the Genbank database. To sample the soil around the roots, five soil samples were taken for each ecological unit and a compound sample was prepared after mixing. After preparing soil samples, the amount of pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, calcium carbonate, potassium, calcium, magnesium and soil phosphorus were measured. Tuber fungus was identified as Tuber aestivum. All T. aestivum fruiting bodies were present in soils with alkaline pH and low phosphorus concentrations. C/N ratios of soils were above ten, indicating a preference of T. aestivum for soils that are poor in the readily degradable nitrogen and high nitrogen content in soils can limit the development of mycorrhizae. Our inventory suggested that a higher Ca/Mg ratio could be favourable for T. aestivum fruiting. The K/Mg ratio was below two at all sites. Our results showed that, in Golestan province, host species other than Quercus spp. are also important in regard to the hosting Tuber species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tuber spp
  • Host Plants
  • Soil Properties
  • Habitats

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 شهریور 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 مهر 1399

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