تحلیل ترکیب و تنوع گیاهی زیر آشکوب در توده‌ های طبیعی و جنگل‌کاری شده هیرکانی غربی (مطالعه موردی: سنگ پشته رامسر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 هیئت علمی استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی نور، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران، نور، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی و ارزیابی پوشش گیاهی زیرآشکوب توده های طبیعی و جنگل‌کاری شده توسکا Alnus subcordata C.A.Mey، پلت Acer velutinum Bioss.، بلندمازوQuercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey. و زربین Cupressus sempervirens subsp. horizontalis (Mill.) A.Camus در سنگ پشته رامسر انجام شد. بدین منظور تعداد 96 قطعه نمونه 400 متر مربعی به روش تصادفی-منظم برداشت شد. پوشش های علفی و زادآوری کف در 480 میکرو قطعه 1× 1 متر مربعی ثبت شدند. طیف زیستی گیاهان بر اساس شکل ‌های رویشی رانکایر و پراکنش جغرافیایی گونه‌ها بر اساس طبقه بندی زهری تعیین شد. یافته‌های حاصل از بررسی نشان داد که 30 گونه گیاهی متعلق به 23 خانواده در کل عرصه ها حضور دارند که بیشترین گونه‌ها متعلق به خانواده‌های Fabaceae، Poaceae ،Rosaceae و Solanaceae بودند. از نظر شکل زیستی همی‌کریپتوفیت‌ها و کریپتوفیت‌ها در مجموع با 73/68 درصد شکل‌های رویشی غالب بودند. بررسی پراکنش جغرافیایی گیاهان منطقه نشان داد که عناصر گیاهی ناحیه اروپا-سیبری بیشترین عناصر گیاهی منطقه مورد پژوهش را تشکیل می‌دهند. بررسی تنوع زیستی گونه‌های گیاهی در توده‌های مورد نظر نشان داد که شاخص‌های تنوع گونه‌ای سیمپسون و شانون وینر و شاخص غنای مارگالف از نظر آماری معنی‌دار نبودند و شاخص‌های غنای منهنیک و شاخص‌های یکنواختی کامارگو و اسمیت ویلسون اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان دادند. در غنای گونه‌ای شاخص منهنیک در توده بلندمازو بیشترین مقدار و در توده زربین کمترین مقدار را داشته است. در مورد شاخص یکنواختی کامارگو و اسمیت - ویلسون در توده افرا بیشترین مقدار و در توده زربین کمتر از سایر توده‌ها بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of composition and biodiversity of understory plants in natural and reforestation stands of western Hyrcanian(Case Study: Ramsar Sang Poshteh)

نویسندگان [English]

  • maryam bazyari 1
  • vahid etemad 2
  • Yahya Kooch 3
  • Anoshirvan Shirvany 4
1 Department of forestry and forest economics,faculty of natural resources, university of tehran, karaj, iran
2 associate pror of natural resources faculty uni of teheran
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate professor Department of Forestry and Forest Economics Natural Resources Faculty University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the vegetation cover of alder and broadleaved coniferous forests of alder, maple and oak and compare it with natural forest in Ramsar Ridge. 96 sample plots of 400 square meters were collected by regular random sampling.The bio-spectrum of plants was determined based on the vegetative forms of Rankier and the geographical distribution of species based on the Zohary method. The results showed that 30 plant species belong to 23 families, most of which belonged to Fabaceae and Poaceae, Rosaceae. In terms of biological form, hemicryptophytes and cryptophytes were dominant with 68.73% of vegetative forms. The study of geographical distribution of plants in the region showed that the plant elements of Europe-Siberia constitute the most of the plant elements in the study area. Evaluation of plant biodiversity in forest stands showed that Simpson and Shannon Wiener diversity indices and Ghanaian Margalph index were not statistically significant and Kamenergo and Smith Wilson richness indices and homogeneity indices were not significantly different. Showed. Biodiversity of woody species regeneration in Simpson species diversity indices was highest in Alnus subcordata C.A. Mey and lowest in Cupressus Semprvienes L.Var. horizontails.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plant diversity
  • Regeneration
  • Life form
  • Chorology
  • Forestry

مراجع

-Abedi, R., 2019. Effect of Stand Structural Characteristics on Natural Regeneration of Acer Campestre L. in Arasbaran Forest. Ecology of Iranian Forests, 7 (13): 46-53.
-Anonymous, 2009. Forest Stack Series 2 Forestry Booklet. District 30 Ramsar, 163p.
-AhmadiMalakut, E., Soltani,A. and  Nabi Allah, Y. A., 2011 .A comparison between understory phytodiversity of a natural forest and forest plantations (Case study: Langerud -Guilan). Iranian. Journal of Forest, 3 (2): 157-167.
-Asadi, H., Hosseini, S. M., Esmailzadeh, O. and Ahmadi, A., 2011. Flora, Life form and chorological study of Box tree (Buxus hyrcanus pojark.) site in Khybus protected forest, Mazandaran. Journal of plant Biology, 3 (8): 27-39.
-Assadi, M., Massoumi, A. A., Khatamsaz, M. and Mozaffarian, V., 1988-2011. Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication, Tehran.
-Atashgahi, Z., Ejtehadi, H. and Zare, H., 2009. Study of floristics, life form and chorology of plants in the east of Dodangeh forests, Mazandaran province. Iran. Irainian Journal of Biology, 22 (2):193-203.
-Dombois, M. and Ellenberg, H., 1974. Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. John Wiley and Sons. Science, 547 p.
-Dudley, N., Bhagwat, S. A., Harris, J., Maginnis, S., Moreno, J. G., Mueller, G. M., Oldfield, S. and Walters, G., 2018. Measuring progress in status of land under forest landscape restoration using abiotic and biotic indicators. Restoration Ecology, 26 (1): 5-12.
-Esmailzadeh, O., Hosseiniand, S. M. and Oladi. J., 2004. A phytosociological study of English Yew (Taxus baccata L.) in Afratakhteh reserve. Journal of Research and Development, 68: 66-76.
-Fazlollahi Mohammadi, M., Jalali, Gh., Kooch, Y. and Theodose, T. A., 2016. Tree species composition, biodiversity and regeneration in response to catena shape and position in a mountain forest. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 1-28.
-Farrokhzade, N., Ravanbakhsh, H., Moshki A. and Mollashahi, M., 2017. The natural regeneration establishment and diversity of different 50-year-old plantation types in Sorkhe-Hesar Forest Park. Journal of Forest Research and Development, 4 (1): 43-57.
-Ghahreman, A., 1990-1999. Colored Flora of Iran. Vol 1-20. Institute of Forests and Rangeland Research Press, Tehran.
-Ghahramani Nezhad, F. and Nafisi, H., 2011. Floristic study of Munjughlu sanctuary zone in Marakan protected area (East Azarbaijan province, NW Iran). Rostaniha, 12 (1): 73-82.
-Gondard, H., Santa Regina, I., Salazar Iglesias, S. and Peix Romane, F., 2007. E ffect of forest management on plant species diversity in Castanea sativa stands in Salamanca(Spain) and the Cevennes(France). Scientific Research and Essay, 2 (2): 62-70.
-Haghverdi, K., 2015. Influence of endemic and exotic afforestation (Chai Bagh district of Qaemshahr) on biodiversity of plant species and woody regeneration. Journal of Plant Researches, 28 (3): 522-524.
-Heydari, M., Atar Roushan, S. and Mahdavi, A., 2012. The Relationship between Natural Regeneration Oak (Quercus Brantii) and the Environmental Factors in Ghalarang's Forests, Ilam Province. Journal of Sciences and Techniques in Natural Resources, 7 (1): 27-42.
-Heydari, M., Pourbabaei, H. and Esmailzadeh, O., 2015. The effects of habitat characteristics and human destructions on understory plant species biodiversity and soil in Zagros forest ecosystem. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 28 (3): 538-548.
-Jayakumar, S., Kim S. S. and Heo, J., 2011. Floristic inventory and diversity assessment- a critical review. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 1: 151-168.
-Mohamadzade, A., Basiri, R., Poladian, M. and Zeynali, N., 2017. Flora, Life form and Chorology of Plants Species of the Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve (Case Study: Kalybarchai and Ilginechai Watershed Basins). Ecology of Iranian Forests, 10 (5): 32-41.
-Mozaffarian, V., 2005. Trees and Shrubs of Iran, Farhange Moaser Publishers. Tehran. (In Persian).
-Mesdaghi, M., 2001. Analysis of vegetation cover. Jahad Daneshghahi Press of Mashhad University, Mashhad.
-Meyfroidt, P., Phuong, V. T and Anh, H. V., 2013. Trajectories of deforestation, coffeeexpansion and displacement of shifting cultivation in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Global Environmental Change, 23: 1187-1198.
-Nagaike, T, Hayashi, A, Kubo, M, Abe, M. and Arai, N., 2006. Plant species diversity in a managed forest landscape composed of Larix  kaempferi plantations and abandoned coppice forests in central Japan. Forest science, 52(3): 324-332. 
-Naghinejad, A. R., Hosseini, S., Rajamand, M. A. and Saeid Mehrours, S. H., 2011. Floristic study of conservation forests Of Maziben and Siben Ramsar along the elevation slope (300 to 2300 m), Journal of Taxonomy and Biosystematics: 2(5) 93-114.
-Pelevar, B., 2007. Conservation concepts in forest management and biodiversity, Journal of Forest and Rangeland, 75: 92-101.
-Raunkiaer, C., 1934. The life form of plant and statistical plant Geography, Oxford Oxford University Press, London. 632 p.
-Rechinger, K. H., 1963-1998. Flora Iranica. Nos. 1-173. Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt. Graz.
-Ravanbakhsh, M. and Amini, T., 2014. Astudy on floristic composition, chorology and ecological structure: A csae study from a small-scale forest reserve. talesh, Iran. Iufs journal of biology,73 (1): 43-51.
-Rouhi Moghaddam, E., Hosseini, S. M., Ebrahimi, E., Rahmani, A. and Tabari, M., 2011. The Regeneration Structure and Biodiversity of Trees and Shrub Species in Understory of Pure and Mixed Oak Plantations. environmental sciences, 8 (3): 57-67.
-Salahi, T., Pourbabaei, H., Salahi, M. and Karamzadeh, S., 2018. Study on Floristic Composition and Chorology of Bibi yanlou’s Forest Park, Astara. Ecology of Iranian Forests, 6 (11): 1-13.
-Sekhavat, S., Esmailzadeh O. and Asadi H., 2017. Flora, life form and chorological study of soil seed bank of silk tree (Albizia julibrissin durazz.) Habitats in forests of Mazandaran province. Ecology of Iranian Forests, 4 (8): 28-40.
-Tavankar, F., 2013. Effect of conifer plantations on species diversity of natural tree and regeneration in Caspian Forest, IRAN. International Journal of Agriculture, 3 (4) 782-787.
-Tengberg, A., Fredhoima, S., Ellisona, I., Knez, I., Saltzmana, K., and Wetterberg, O., 2012. Cultural ecosystem Services provided by landscapes: assessment of heritage values and identity. Ecosystem Services, 2: 14-26.
-Teimoorzadeh, A., Ghorbani, A. and Kavianpoor A. H., 2015. Study on flora, life forms and chorologhy of the south eastern of Namin forests (Asi-Gheran, Fandoghloo, Hasani and Bobini), Ardabil province. Journal of biology Iran, 28 (2) 264-275.
-Woziwoda, B. and Kopec. D., 2014. Afforestation or natural succession? Looking for the best way to manage abandoned cut-over peat lands for biodiversity conservation. Ecological Engineering, (63): 143-152.
-Zohary, M., Heyn, C. C. and Heller, D., 1980-1993. Conspectus flora orientalis, an annotated catalogue of the flora of the Middle East. Vol. 1-8, The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 آبان 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 دی 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 14 بهمن 1398

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار