تنوع قارچ های چوبزی دارویی، خوراکی و سمی بر روی خشکه دارهای افتاده راش و کاربرد آنها

نوع مقاله : مقاله کوتاه

نویسندگان

1 گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

3 دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

4 کارشناس ارشد پژوهشی در ایستگاه تحقیقان جنگل و مراع پاسند

چکیده

مدیریت جنگل تاثیر مهمی برای بستر رشد قارچ‌های چوب‌زی دارویی، خوراکی و سمی یعنی خشکه‌دار افتاده می-گذارند. با شناسایی قارچ‌های خوراکی کشت و پرورش برخی از آنها، نقش مهمی در تامین نیاز غذایی جامعه، قارچ‌های دارویی در حفظ سلامت و درمان بسیاری از بیماری‌ها و قارچ‌های سمی در کاهش مشکلات حاصل از مسمومیت تاثیر دارد. هدف از این پژوهش شناسایی قارچ‌های چوب‌زی بر روی خشکه‌دار افتاده و تقسیم بندی آنها از لحاظ دارویی، خوراکی و سمی و بررسی میزان حجم خشکه‌دار در جنگل‌های داربکلا مازندران می‌باشد. این تحقیق در جنگل آموزشی و پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری دارابکلا ساری انتخاب و بعد از انجام جنگل گردشی‌های مقدماتی نمونه برداری از خشکه‌دارهای افتاده انجام گردید. شناسایی قارچ‌ها در آزمایشگاه قارچ‌شناسی از طریق مرفولوژی و استخراج دی‌ان‌ای ناحیه ITS nrDNA با استفاده از زوج آغازگر‌های ITS1 و ITS4 تکثیر و توالی‌یابی شد و با نرم افزار Bio edit اصلاح و در NCBI مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که در جنگل مورد مطالعه 37 گونه شناسایی شدند که از این 70 درصد قارچ‌ها خاصیت دارویی، 22 درصد خاصیت خوراکی و 8 درصد خاصیت سمی داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که ترتیب قارچ‌های Trametes versicolor، Lenzites betulinus، Daldinia concentrica، Pleurotus ostreatus، Ganoderma lucidum و Fomes fomentarius بیشترین فراوانی را بر روی خشکه‌دار افتاده راش داشته‌اند. برای مدیریت خشکه‌دارهای افتاده موجود در یک اکوسیستم جنگل به منظور افزایش تنوع قارچ‌های دارویی و خوراکی پیشنهاد می‌شود که خشکه‌دار افتاده در جنگل حفظ شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Diversity of medicinal, edible, and poisonus fungi located on the deadwood of beech

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Aghajani 1
  • Mohammad Ali Tajick 3
  • Saeid Ali Mosazadeh 4
1 Department of Forestry, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. E-mail:hamed_aghajani@ut.ac.ir & hamed_aghajani_85@yahoo.com. Phone No: +989111186950. Fax: +9801133299089
چکیده [English]

Forest management has an essential impact on the growth of medicinal, edible, and poisonous wood-inhabiting fungi. Identification and cultivation of some edible fungi play an important role in supplying food needs and knowing medicinal fungi can be important for maintaining health and treating many diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify of wood-inhabiting fungi on deadwood of Fagus orientalis trees in the Darabkola forests. Also, we categorized these fungi into medical, edible, and poisonous groups, and present the volume of deadwood in these forests. After conducting preliminary field survey, sampling was done from deadwood. Identification of fungi in the fungal laboratory through morphology and extraction of ITS nrDNA region was done and sequenced using ITS1 and ITS4 primers and corrected with Bio Edit software and analyzed in NCBI. The results showed that 37 fungi species were identified, and among which, 70% had medicinal and economic values, 22% had edible value, and 8% had toxicity characteristic. A total of 15 deadwoods were studied, and 40 taxons of edible, medicinal, and poisonous were identified. Also, most of the species on deadwoods were found to be Trametes versicolor, Lenzites betulinus, Daldinia concentrica, Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum, and Fomes fomentarius, respectively. In conclusion, in order to manage the deadwood in a forest ecosystem for increasing the diversity of medical and edible fungi, it is suggested that to preserve the deadwood

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecology
  • DNA
  • Conserve
  • medicinal
  • people health
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