تغییرات گستره‌های رو به دریا و خشکی رویشگاه‌های مانگرو در سواحل استان هرمزگان

مافی غلامی, داود; جعفری, ابوالفضل

doi:10.22092/ijfrpr.2020.126154.1382

تغییرات گستره‌های رو به دریا و خشکی رویشگاه‌های مانگرو در سواحل استان هرمزگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد

² استادیار پژوهش / موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

10.22092/ijfrpr.2020.126154.1382

چکیده

کاهش بارندگی و وقوع خشکسالی با محدود کردن مهاجرت مانگروها به‌سمت خشکی، سبب افزایش آسیب‌پذیری این اکوسیستم‌ها نسبت به بالا آمدن سطح آب دریاها می‌شود. بنابراین پایش تغییرات گستره‌های رو به خشکی و دریای مانگروها می‌تواند اطلاعات ارزشمندی را در مورد میزان آسیب‌پذیری آنها به بالا آمدن سطح آب دریا ارائه دهد. هدف از پژوهش پیش‌رو بررسی روند تغییرات گستره‌های رو به خشکی و دریای مانگروها در طول سواحل استان هرمزگان است. بدین منظور، با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای پوشش مانگروها در سه رویشگاه خمیر، تیاب و جاسک در سال‌های 1986، 1998 و 2016 نقشه‌سازی شد و تغییرات گستره رو به خشکی و رو به دریای رویشگاه‌ها در مقاطع زمانی ذکر‌شده بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که در دوره زمانی پس از سال 1998 که منطبق با دوره‌های بلندمدت خشکسالی در سواحل جنوبی ایران است، از وسعت گستره‌های رو به خشکی مانگروها کاسته شده است (7/272 هکتار کاهش در رویشگاه خمیر) و یا آنکه روند توسعه گستره‌های رو به خشکی رویشگاه‌ها کاهش چشمگیری داشته است؛ به‌طوری که در رویشگاه‌های تیاب و جاسک میزان افزایش وسعت گستره رو به خشکی به ترتیب از حدود 463 و 165 هکتار در دوره پیش از سال 1998 به حدود 35 و 13هکتار در دوره پس از سال 1998 کاهش یافته است. در کنار تاثیر قابل‌توجه کاهش بارندگی، عوامل انسانی همانند چرای دام و تهیه چوب سوختی (بویژه در مانگروهای واقع در روبشگاه خمیر)، توسعه آبزی‌پروری و آلاینده‌ها نیز نقش موثری در پسروی این رویشگاه‌ها داشته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes in landward and seaward extent of mangroves in the coastal areas of the Hormozgan province

نویسندگان [English]

Davood Mafi Gholami ¹
Abolfazl Jaafari ²

¹ Department of forest science, faculty of natural resources and earth sciences, Sahrekord university, Sahrekord, Iran

² Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands

چکیده [English]

Reduced rainfall and drought occurrence by restricting the migration of mangroves to the uplands have increased the vulnerability of these ecosystems to sea level rise. Therefore, monitoring the changes in the landward and seaward extent of mangroves can provide valuable information on the response and degree of vulnerability of these ecosystems to sea level rise. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the landward and seaward extent of mangroves along the coasts of the Hormozgan province. To this end, the mangroves in the Khamir, Tiab and, Jask habitats were mapped using satellite imagery in 1986, 1998 and 2016 and changes in the landward and seaward extent of mangroves were investigated during the periods before and after 1998 (the period of occurrence of long-term droughts on the southern coasts of Iran). The results showed that in the post-1998 period, which corresponds to long periods of drought on the southern coast of Iran, the landward extent of the mangroves was reduced (272.7 ha reduction in Khamir) or the trend of development of landward extent has decreased dramatically, such that in Tiab and Jask the increase in the landward extent has decreased from 463 and 165 ha to 35 and 13 ha, respectively. In addition to the significant effect of reduced rainfall, human factors such as livestock grazing and fueling (especially for the mangroves located in Khamir), development of aquaculture and pollutants have also played an important role in the regression of these habitats.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Climate change
Geographic information system
Remote sensing
Vulnerability

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