تأثیر همزیستی اکتومیکوریزایی بر رشد و فیزیولوژی گیاهچه‎های بلندمازو (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‎آموخته دکترا، گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، و مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، ، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

    بلندمازو (Quercus castaneifolia) از درختان مهم و صنعتی جنگل‌های شمال ایران بوده که به‌دلیل بهره‌برداری‌های بی‌رویه به‌شدت مورد تخریب قرار گرفته است. ازآنجاکه همزیستی اکتومیکوریزایی نقش مهمی در فیزیولوژی، اکولوژی، مقاومت، تکثیر و زادآوری درختان میزبان و اکوسیستم‎های جنگلی ایفا می‎کند؛ در میان راهکارهای موجود برای بهبود زنده‏مانی و استقرار، همزیستی میکوریزایی القاء شده (مصنوعی) و تلقیح گیاهچه‎ها با استرین‎های قارچی منتخب، به‌عنوان روشی کارآمد و دوستدار محیط‌زیست و نیز جایگزینی برای کودهای شیمیایی و دیگر تیمارهای بهبودبخشی خاک معرفی شده است. در این تحقیق همزیستی اکتومیکوریزایی روی ریزقلمه‌های بلندمازو برقرار شد تا میزان سازگاری آن با قارچ همزیست مورد استفاده و نیز امکان بهبود خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و رویشی آن ارزیابی شود. گیاهچه‌های بلوط از طریق کشت بافت تکثیر شدند، سپس برقراری همزیستی با قارچ Hebeloma sinapizans انجام شد. اندازه‌گیری برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی، رشدی و نیز وضعیت آبی گیاهچه‎های تلقیح شده در مقایسه با گیاهچه‎های شاهد انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد که برقراری همزیستی اکتومیکوریزایی روی گیاهچه‌های بلوط، بیومس، سطح و کلروفیل برگ، بیومس ساقه و نیز محتوای آبی گیاهچه‎ها را افزایش داده است. بنابراین با توجه به بهبود وضعیت آبی، افزایش رشد و بیومس و اصلاح خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه تلقیح شده با قارچ میکوریز در مقایسه با شاهد، می‌توان برقراری این تعامل اکتومیکوریزایی را راهکاری نوین برای افزایش موفقیت نهال‌کاری در برنامه‌های احیایی جنگل‎های بلندمازو معرفی کرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis on the Growth and Physiology of Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey. Plantlets

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh Masoumeh Zamani 1
  • Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh 2
  • Naser Safaie 3
  • Mitra Emam 4
1 Ph.D. graduate, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University & Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Faulty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Faulty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Chestnut leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) is one of the most important industrial trees in northern forests of Iran which has been destructed due to severe exploitation. In order to improving of early growth, planting survival and forest work, the induced mycorrhizal symbiosis (artificial) via plantlet inoculation with selected fungal isolates has been introduced as an efficient method, eco-friendly and alternative to chemical fertilizers or other soil improvement treatments. In this study, ectomycorrhizal symbiosis was established in vitro on plantlets of Quercus castaneifolia to evaluate the influence of the fungus Hebeloma sinapizans (Fr.) Sacc  on growing and physiological characteristics of treated  plantlets. Oak plantlets were propagated by tissue culture, and then symbiosis was established with fungus Hebeloma sinapizans (Fr.) Sacc. Physiological and growth characteristics as well as water status of inoculated plants were measured. Compared with control plantlets, a significant increase in biomass, area and chlorophyll content of leaf, stem biomass as well as water content of plantlets was observed in treated plantlets.   The findings of this investigation showed that ectomycorrhizal symbiosis establishing can be introduced as a promising approach to increase success of planting in forest vivification programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ectomycorrhizal symbiosis
  • Quercus castaneifolia
  • Growth
  • Physiology

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 31 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 اسفند 1394

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