سمیت تنفسی اسانس 53 گونه اکالیپتوس ایرانی علیه آفت انباری، (Sitophilus oryzae L. Col., Curculionidae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، دانشگاه یو پی ام، 43400 یو پی ام، سلانگور، مالزی

3 استاد پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

     اکالیپتوس بومی استرالیاست و گونه‌های زیادی از این جنس به کشورهای دیگر و ازجمله ایران وارد شده و در حال حاضر حدود 50 گونه اکالیپتوس در شمال و جنوب ایران وجود دارد. اگرچه بنا به دلیل اهمیت اقتصادی بالا و زینتی بودن آنها، این درختان در پروژه‌های جنگل‌کاری مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و در سطح وسیع کاشته می‌شوند ولی اهمیت اصلی اکالیپتوس‌ها به دلیل منبع تولیدکننده اسانس می‌باشد. این تحقیق در راستای کاربرد بیولوژیکی اسانس گونه‌های مختلف اکالیپتوس انجام شد و خاصیت حشره‌کشی اسانس 53 گونه اکالیپتوس علیه آفت انباری Sitophilus oryzae (L.) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. اگرچه همه اسانس‌های استخراج شده از 53 گونه اکالیپتوس سمیت تنفسی قابل توجهی روی S. oryzae داشتند اما مقادیر LC50 آنها با یکدیگر متغیر بوده و دامنه تغییر آنها از 67/22 تا 12/59 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا بود. به‌طوری‌که از بین تمام اسانس گونه‌های مختلف اکالیپتوس آزمایش شده، اسانس‌های استخراج شده از گونه‌هایE. camaldulensis, E. globulus, Eucalyptus flocktoniae, E. fraxinoides, Eeucalyptus  stricklandii, , وE. macarthurii بالاترین مقدار LC50 (کمتر از 30 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا) را روی S. oryzae داشتند، از این‌رو این گروه از اسانس‌ها قابلیت این را دارند که در آینده برای تولید حشره‌کش‌های کم‌خطر تدخینی و سازگار با محیط‌زیست مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Fumigant toxicity of 53 Iranian Eucalyptus essential oils against stored product insect, Sitophilus oryzae L.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ebrahim Farashiani 1
  • Rita Muhamad Awang 2
  • Mohammad Hassan Assareh 3
  • Dzolkhifli Omar 2
  • Murdi Rahmani 2
1 Department of biotechnology, Research Institute of Forests & Rangelands, (RIFR), Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3 Professor, Department of biotechnology, Research Institute of Forests & Rangelands, (RIFR), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Although Eucalyptus is native to Australia but, many Eucalyptus species have been introduced to other parts of the world such as Iran and there are about 53 Eucalyptus species in the north and south of Iran.  Eucalyptus trees have economic importance in Iran and they are planted as economic and ornamental trees in forest trial provenances. Eucalyptus trees are also an important source of essential oils. In view of the biological applications of  Eucalyptus essential oils, this investigation has been carried out on the insecticide activity of the oils and, essential oils extracted from the 53 Eucalyptus species were screened for toxicity effects against the stored product insect, Sitophilus oryzae (L.). All of the essential oils from the 53 Eucalyptus species showed fumigant toxicity against S. oryzae. However, the fumigant toxicity (LC50 value) was variable and in the range from 22.87 to 59.12 µl/l air. Among all  examined  Eucalyptus essential oils, the essential oils from E. camaldulensis, E. globulus, E. flocktoniae, E. fraxinoides, E. stricklandii, and E. macarthurii had the highest fumigant toxicity (LC50 < 30 µl/l air) against S. oryzae . Based on the significant insecticidal activities of the selected Eucalyptus essential oils, it was evident that the essential oils extracted from these spcies, have great potential for future development as safe and ecofriendly fumigants.

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