ارزیابی همزیستی برخی گونه‌های صنوبر با قارچ‌های آربسکولار و تأثیر همزیستی میکوریزی بر نهال‌های یکساله صنوبر تبریزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 محقق، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گونه‌های مختلف جنس صنوبر به‌دلیل رشد سریع، تولید زی‌توده بالا و سازگاری خوب با مناطق اقلیمی مختلف، گونه‌های درختی مهمی در برنامه‌های زراعت چوب هستند. از سوی دیگر، قارچ‌های میکوریز آربسکولار می‌توانند همزیستی خوبی با گونه‌های مختلف صنوبر برقرار کنند که در‌نتیجه این همزیستی متغیرهای رشد، تولید زی‌توده، جذب آب و عناصر غذایی و مقاومت صنوبرها نسبت به تنش‌های محیطی افزایش می‌یابد. بنابراین، بررسی فعل‌وانفعالات بین درختان صنوبر و جامعه میکروبی خاک، همچنین بررسی تأثیر همزیستی میکوریزی در مراحل اولیه رشد صنوبرها، می‌تواند زمینه‌ای برای تولید نهال‌های قوی‌تر و سالم‌تر با پیامدهای مطلوب احتمالی برای رشد آنها در سال‌های آینده را فراهم کند.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه، ابتدا درصد کلونیزاسیون میکوریزی ریشه برخی گونه‌های صنوبر (موجود در کلکسیون تحقیقاتی صنوبر در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی البرز) با قارچ‌های میکوریز آربسکولار در شرایط طبیعی بررسی شد. با توجه به درصد بالای همزیستی میکوریزی صنوبر تبریزی- رقم سالاری و اهمیت این رقم به‌عنوان یک صنوبر پرمحصول در برنامه زراعت چوب مناطق خارج از شمال، قارچ‌های همزیست با این رقم صنوبر از طریق ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی اسپورهای موجود در خاک ریزوسفر شناسایی و قارچ‌های شناسایی‌شده برای تولید نهال‌های میکوریزی استفاده شد. در مرحله بعد، قلمه‌های این رقم صنوبر در گلدان‌های پرشده با خاکی با بافت لومی- رسی کاشته شدند. در زمان کاشت قلمه‌ها، مایه تلقیح میکوریزی در اطراف هر قلمه اضافه شد. پس از یک دوره رویش، زنده‌مانی و ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی (متغیرهای رشد و تولید زی‌توده و متغیرهای فیزیولوژیکی برگ) و بیوشیمیایی (عناصر غذایی اصلی و کمیاب اندام‌های ریشه، ساقه و برگ) نهال‌های یکساله میکوریزی و غیرمیکوریزی صنوبر مقایسه و بررسی گردید.
نتایج و یافته‌ها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد، درصد کلونیزاسیون میکوریزی ریشه گونه و کلن‌های مختلف صنوبر با قارچ‌های میکوریز آربسکولار متفاوت و بیشترین درصد کلونیزاسیون میکوریزی ریشه مربوط به گونه‌های تبریزی- رقم سالاری (Populus nigra “62/154”) و پده (P. euphratica) و کمترین درصد مربوط به گونه P. deltoides “69/55” بود. در نمونه‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده از ناحیه ریزوسفر درختان صنوبر تبریزی- رقم سالاری، پنج گونه قارچ میکوریز آربسکولار شامل Glomus aggregatum،Diversispora tortuosa، Scutellospora heterogama،  Septoglomus constrictumو  Claroideoglomus luteumشناسایی شد. نتایج تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل آماری داده‌ها نشان داد، تیمار میکوریزی تأثیر مثبت معنی‌داری (01/0> P) بر متغیرهای رشد (قطر و طول ساقه)، تولید زی‌توده (زی‌توده خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی و زی‌توده خشک کل)، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و غلظت عناصر غذایی (نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم، آهن، روی و مس) برخی اندام‌های گیاهی نهال‌های صنوبر داشت. همچنین، در نهال‌های میکوریزی صنوبر، افزایش معنی‌دار میزان پرولین، قندهای محلول و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی برگ نسبت به نهال‌های غیرمیکوریزی مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: درصد بالای همزیستی میکوریزی گونه‌های مختلف صنوبر با قارچ‌های میکوریزی در شرایط طبیعی و تأثیر مثبت همزیستی میکوریزی بر نهال‌های یکساله صنوبر تبریزی نشان می‌دهد، با توجه به اهمیت نقش جوامع میکروبی خاک بر تغذیه، رشد و حفاظت گیاه در برابر تنش‌های محیطی، با بررسی فعل‌وانفعالات زیستی بین میکروارگانیسم‌های خاک و صنوبرها به‌ویژه در مراحل اولیه رشد، می‌توان برای تولید نهال‌های سالم و قوی در راستای برنامه‌های زراعت چوب بهره برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of symbiosis of some poplar species with arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizal inoculation effects on one-year-old Populus nigra plants

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azadeh Salehi 1
  • Mohammad Matinizadeh 2
  • Elham Nouri 3
1 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Researcher, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Poplars are important tree species in poplar plantations and agroforestry programs due to their fast growth, high biomass production, and ecological adaptation. On the other hand, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can have a good symbiosis with different poplar species. With this symbiosis, growth parameters, biomass production, absorption of water and nutrients, as well as the resistance of poplars to environmental stress, will be increased. Understanding the relationship between mycorrhizas and poplars and how mycorrhizas affect the growth and nutrition of such species may contribute to producing stronger and healthier plants and more sustainable practices in the future.
Methodology: In this study, first of all, the root mycorrhizal colonization percentage of some poplar species (available in the poplar research collection of Alborz Research Center) with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was investigated. Then, considering the high percentage of mycorrhizal symbiosis of Populus nigra “62/154” trees and the importance of this clone as a high-yielding poplar clone, widely used in poplar plantations in different parts of the country, symbiotic fungi with this clone were identified through the morphological properties of spores in the rhizosphere soil, and then the identified mycorrhizal fungi were used to produce mycorrhizal plants. Then, poplar cuttings were collected from the Alborz Research Center and planted in pots filled with clay-loam soil. The pots were kept outdoors during the experiment. At the time of planting, mycorrhizal inoculum was applied around each cutting. After that, under an experimental layout consisting of a completely randomized design, some morphophysiological (growth parameters, biomass production, and physiological parameters of leaves) and biochemical (macro and micro nutrients of root, stem, and leaf) responses of one-year-old mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal poplar plants were investigated.
Results: The results showed that the percentage of root mycorrhizal colonization of different poplar species was different. The highest percentage of root mycorrhizal colonization was observed in P. nigra “62/154” and P. euphratica, and the lowest percentage in P. deltoides “69/55”. In the soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of P. nigra “62/154”, five species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, including Claroideoglomus luteum, Diversispora tortuosa, Glomus aggregatum, Septoglomus constrictum, and Scutellospora heterogama, were identified. The results demonstrated that mycorrhizal treatment had a significant positive effect (P < 0.01) on growth parameters (diameter and stem length), biomass production (root and shoot dry weight and total dry weight), relative water content of leaves, and nutrient concentrations (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, and copper) of some plant tissues. Likewise, the content of proline and soluble sugars and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of mycorrhizal plants increased compared to non-mycorrhizal plants.
Conclusion: The high symbiosis percentage of different poplar species with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in natural conditions and the positive effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on one-year-old poplar plants show that, considering the importance of the role of soil microbial communities in plant nutrition, growth, and protection against environmental stresses, investigating the biological interactions between soil microorganisms and poplars, especially in the early stages of growth, can be used to produce healthy and strong plants for poplar plantations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Growth
  • Mycorrhizal colonization
  • Nutrients
  • Physiological parameters

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 07 فروردین 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 08 خرداد 1403

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