بررسی چالش‏های مشارکت دامداران در طرح‏ها و پروژه‏های حفاظت از مراتع (مطالعه موردی: منطقه سارال در غرب ایران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

10.22092/ijfrpr.2023.362405.1581

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: مشکلات و چالش‏های محیط‌زیستی یکی از مهمترین نگرانی‏ها و دل‌مشغولی‏های انسان در هزاره‏ سوم است. یکی از بخش‏های مهم محیط‏زیست و منابع طبیعی که در دهه‏های اخیر تخریب زیادی را متحمل شده، بخش مراتع است. به همین دلیل در سال‏های اخیر در کشورهای مختلف پروژه‏ها و طرح‏های احیایی و حفاظتی اجرا شده است. اما به دلایل مختلف دامداران به‌عنوان مهمترین ذی‌نفعان این بخش مشارکت چندانی نداشتند. بنابراین، ایده اصلی این پژوهش کشف چالش‏های مشارکت دامداران در این بخش بود. در این رابطه، این مطالعه با هدف کلی بررسی چالش‏های مشارکت دامداران در طرح‏ها و پروژه‏های حفاظت از مراتع در استان کردستان در سال 1401 انجام شد.
مواد و روش‏ها: این تحقیق از ‌نظر ماهیت ازَ نوع تحقیقات کمی است، با توجه به هدف کاربردی، از لحاظ گردآوری داده‏ها جزو تحقیقات میدانی و از لحاظ زمانی یک مطالعه تک‌مقطعی بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه دامداران منطقه سارال در استان کردستان بود. منطقه سارال باوسعت 1000 کیلومتر مربع، در استان کردستان در غرب ایران واقع شده است. میانگین بارندگی در منطقه سارال استان کردستان 480mm در سال است. این منطقه از لحاظ آب و هوایی در منطقه نیمه‏خشک سرد واقع شده است. خاک منطقه سارال دارای بافت لومی‏شنی هستند که محل مناسب برای چرای دام (گاو، گوسفند، بز) هستند. از لحاظ اکولوژی منطقه سارال یک زیستگاه امن برای تنوع گیاهی و جانوری است. منطقه سارال تقریباً تاکنون موردمطالعه اختصاصی و دقیق قرار نگرفته و اکثریت مطالعات بر روی گونه‏های گیاهی و جانوری این منطقه انجام شده است و به‏عوامل تخریب آن توجهی نشده است. شغل اصلی مردم منطقه سارال دامداری است زیرا یکی از مناطق مستعد برای دامپروری و از این لحاظ در کل ایران شناخته شده است حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان 385 نفر به روش نمونه‏گیری چندمرحله‏ای با انتساب متناسب برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی تحقیق پرسش‌نامه‏ای بود که روایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن توسط ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل داده‏ها در دو بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی توسط نرم‏افزارهای SPSS و Lisrel انجام شد.
نتایج و یافته‏ها: نتایج ضریب تغییرات نشان داد، چالش‏های «عدم آشنایی با شیوه‏های حفاظت از جنگل» و «عدم برگزاری کارگاه‏ها و دوره‏های آموزشی برای دامداران» مهمترین عوامل بودند. علاوه‌بر‌این، نتایج تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی چالش‏های مشارکت دامداران در طرح‏های حفاظت از مراتع را در چهار عامل اجتماعی– فرهنگی (021/15 درصد)، چالش‏های آموزشی (364/14 درصد)، چالش‏های مدیریتی و قانونی (324/13 درصد) و چالش‏های اقتصادی (521/9 درصد) طبقه‏بندی کرد و این عوامل ‏توانستند 23/52 درصد از واریانس کل عوامل را تبیین نمایند.‌ با توجه به اینکه عوامل آموزشی یکی از مهمترین چالش‏ها در این زمینه بودند، پیشنهاد می‏شود که سیاست‏گذاران و برنامه‏ریزان منابع طبیعی به مقوله آموزش دامداران توجه بیشتری کنند، زیرا بسیاری از دامداران از رفتارهای حفاظتی مناسب، آگاهی چندانی ندارند.
نتیجه‏گیری: این پژوهش یکی از نخستین تلاش‏ها در منطقه غرب ایران برای حفاظت از مراتع بود زیرا در مطالعات حفاظت از مرتع در گذشته به رفتار دامداران به‏عنوان مهمترین قشر فعال که ارتباط بسیار نزدیکی با مراتع دارند کمتر توجه شده است. دامداران نقش کلیدی‏ در حفاظت از مراتع دارند، زیرا ارتباط بسیار نزدیکی با این بخش دارند. در‌صورتی‌که در معرض‏ آموزش‏های مناسب قرار بگیرند، می‏توانند به پایداری این بخش کمک اساسی بکنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the challenges of the participation of livestock farmers in rangeland protection plans and projects (Case study: Saral region in the west of Iran)

نویسنده [English]

  • Moslem Savari
Associate Prof., Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Environmental problems and challenges are one of the most important concerns and preoccupations of humans in the third millennium. Pastures are crucial components of the enviroment and natural resources, yet they have endured significant destruction in recent decades. For this reason, in recent years, restoration and protection projects and plans have been implemented in different countries. However, due to various reasons, livestock farmers, as the most important beneficiaries of this sector, did not participate much. Therefore, the main idea of this research was to discover the challenges of participation of livestock farmers in this sector. In this regard, this study was conducted with the general aim of investigating the challenges of livestock farmers' participation in pasture protection plans and projects in Kurdistan province in 2022.  
Methodology: This research is quantitative in nature. In relation to its practical purpose, it involved field research for data collection and was conducted as a single-section study in terms of time. The statistical population of the research comprised all livestock farmers in the Saral region of Kurdistan province. Saral district, spanning 1000 km2, is situated in western Iran within Kurdistan province. The region experiences an average annual rainfall of 480 mm, characterized by a cold, semi-arid climate. Saral features sandy loam soils, well-suited for grazing livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats. Ecologically, Saral district serves as a secure habitat for a diverse range of plants and animals. Notably, this natural region has yet to be thoroughly and systematically studied, with a majority of research focusing on the regions plant and animal species rather than the factors contributing to degradation. The primary occupation of people in the Saral region is animal husbandry, marking it as one of Irans most susceptible areas for this practice. The study utilized a sample size of 385 individuals, determined by the Karjesi and Morgan table, employing a muli-stage sampling method with proportional allocation. The primary research tool, a questionnaire, was validated by a panel of experts, and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS and Lisrel software. 
Results: The results of the coefficient of variation showed that the challenges of "not being familiar with forest protection methods" and "not holding workshops and training courses for livestock farmers" were the most important factors. In addition, the results of the exploratory factor analysis classified the challenges of participation of livestock farmers in pasture protection projects into four socio-cultural factors (15.021 percent), educational challenges (14.364 percent), managerial and legal challenges (13.324 percent), and economic challenges (9.521 percent), and these factors could explain 52.23 percent of the total variance of the factors. Considering that educational factors were one of the most important challenges in this field, it is suggested that policy makers and natural resource planners should pay more attention to the category of ranchers' education, because many ranchers do not have much knowledge of appropriate conservation behaviors.
Conclusion: This study marks the inaugural effort in western Iran to safeguard rangelands. Previous studies on pasture conservation have often overlooked pastoralists, who maintain a close connection with these areas. Livestock farmers are pivotal in pastur protection, given their intimate ties to this sector. With appropriate training, they have the potential to make substantial contributions to the sustainability of this crucial domain.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Protection of rangeland
  • safe behavior
  • herdsmen
  • participation
  • natural resources

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 خرداد 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 مهر 1402

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