شناسایی کانون‌های فعال گردوغبار با روش‌های میدانی و دورسنجی به‌منظور تعیین سرعت آستانه فرسایش بادی (مطالعه موردی: شرق استان کرمان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات شناسایی خاک و ارزیابی اراضی، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات بیابان، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد خاک‌شناسی، گروه مهندسی و علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 محقق، گروه تحقیقات تپه‌های شنی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22092/ijfrpr.2023.361243.1565

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی کانون‌های گردوغبار و حساسیت خاک به بادبردگی در شرق استان کرمان با تلفیقی از روش‌های میدانی و سنجش از دور انجام شد. در‌مجموع ده محدوده در منطقه مورد مطالعه با مساحت 3007 کیلومترمربع بر مبنای دورسنجی و بررسی میدانی در زمستان 1399 شناسایی شد. مناطق مستعد تولید گردوغبار  منطقه و تعیین تناوب رخداد گردوغبار  در 20 سال گذشته با شاخص عمق اپتیکی حاصل از سنجنده مودیس ترا و آکوا تعیین شد. برای بررسی میزان فرسایش‌پذیری خاک‌ها، سرعت آستانه فرسایش بادی و میزان بادبردگی در سه کلاس سرعت 15، 20 و 25 متر بر ثانیه با 17 نمونه خاک در تونل باد اندازه‌گیری شد. مقادیر قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی (EC) خاک نیز با 22 نمونه در آزمایشگاه تعیین و بعد نقشه شوری خاک با روش کریجینگ تهیه شد. نتایج حاصل از شاخص پوشش گیاهی تعمیم یافت و رابطه خطی EC در محیط گوگل‌ارث انجین محاسبه و با نتایج کریجینگ مقایسه گردید که بیانگر شوری شدید کانون‌های مورد ‌بررسی است (EC>16). نتایج تحلیل بادهای فرساینده و رژیم باد غالب بر مبنای داده‌های پنج ایستگاه هواشناسی در منطقه نشان داد، ایستگاه‌های ریگان و نصرت‌آباد به‌ترتیب با 561 و 1199 قابلیت حمل ماسه برحسب واحد برداری و بادهای با سرعت 40 نات (57/20 متربرثانیه) جزو مناطق با انرژی باد زیاد دسته‌بندی می‌شوند. نتایج تعیین فرسایش‌پذیری خاک‌ها نشان داد، بخش‌های جنوبی دارای کمترین میزان سرعت آستانه فرسایش بادی (بین شش تا هشت متر بر ثانیه) هستند که جزو مناطق حساس به فرسایش بادی گروه‌بندی شدند و میزان تجمعی بادبردگی آنها در سه کلاس سرعت باد، 60 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع در دقیقه است. با توجه به نتایج، مناطق مورد مطالعه از کانون‌های داخلی مهم گردوغبار  محسوب می‌شوند که نیازمند اقدامات مدیریتی برای کنترل کانون‌های برداشت است.
    

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of Active Dust Source Areas Using Field and Remote Sensing Methods for Determining Wind Erosion Threshold Velocity (Case Study: Eastern Kerman Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rasoul Kharazmi 1
  • Hamidreza Abbasi 2
  • Sara Moradi sani 3
  • Farhad Khaksarian 4
1 Assistant Prof., Research Division of Soil Identification and Land Valuation, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof., Research Division of Desert, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 MSc Student of Soil Science, Department of Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Researcher, Research Division of Sand Dunes, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted in 2020 with the objective of identifying dust source areas and soil susceptibility to wind erosion in the eastern part of Kerman Province, through the integration of field and remote sensing methods. In total, ten study areas covering 3007 square kilometers were identified based on remote sensing and field surveys during the winter of 2020. The dust-prone areas and the determination of the dust event frequency in the past 20 years were established using the optical depth index derived from MODIS Terra and Aqua satellites. To assess soil erodibility, wind erosion threshold velocity, and wind erosion rates, soil samples (17 in total) were measured in a wind tunnel at three wind speed classes: 15, 20, and 25 meters per second. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of soil samples (22 in total) were determined in the laboratory to create a soil salinity map using the kriging method. The results of the vegetation cover index were extended, and the linear relationship between EC was computed using Google Earth Engine and compared with kriging results, indicating significant salinity in the studied areas (EC>16). The analysis of prevailing wind directions and wind regimes based on data from five meteorological stations in the region demonstrated that the Rigān and Nasratābād stations, with transport potential of 561 and 1199 kg m^-1 s^-1, respectively, were classified as high-energy wind zones. Wind speeds of 40 knots (20.57 m/s) were prevalent in these areas. The assessment of soil erodibility revealed that the southern parts had the lowest wind erosion threshold velocity (between 6 to 8 m/s), classifying them as wind erosion-sensitive zones, with an accumulated wind erosion rate of 60 kg/m^2/year across the three wind speed classes. Based on the findings, the study areas are considered significant internal dust source areas, requiring management actions to control dust emissions.
                                     

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • AOD Index
  • Dust
  • Google Earth Engine
  • Soil Salinity
  • Wind Tunnel

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 دی 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 فروردین 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 شهریور 1402

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