تغییرات سالانه وضعیت زوال درختان بلوط در جنگل‌های استان کردستان

حیدری, مازیار; پورهاشمی, مهدی; جهانبازی گوجانی, حسن

doi:10.22092/ijfrpr.2023.355929.1511

تغییرات سالانه وضعیت زوال درختان بلوط در جنگل‌های استان کردستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

² دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

³ دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران

10.22092/ijfrpr.2023.355929.1511

چکیده

یکی از معضلات محیط‌زیستی جنگل‌های زاگرس به‌ویژه در دو دهه اخیر، بروز پدیده زوال بلوط (Oak decline) است . شدت زوال بلوط در زاگرس شمالی کندتر از زاگرس میانی و جنوبی است. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی روند خشکیدگی درختان بلوط در شهرستان بانه (استان کردستان) در سال‌های 1398 و 1399 بود. برای اجرای این مطالعه چهار سایت بلوه و گندمان (دامنه جنوبی) و سارکی و میرحسام (دامنه شمالی) انتخاب و در هریک، 100 درخت ارزیابی شدند. وضعیت زوال درختان طی دو سال اجرای مطالعه در پنج طبقه شامل درختان سالم، سرخشکیده، خشکیدگی تا 50 درصد، خشکیدگی بیشتر از 50 درصد و کاملاً خشکیده ثبت شد. از آزمون‌های ناپارامتری ویلکاکسون و فریدمن برای مقایسه کدهای زوال در هر سایت در دو سال متوالی و مقایسه کدهای زوال در چهار سایت در هر سال (جداگانه) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تغییر طبقه زوال در سایت سارکی (با 27/0 تغییر) بود. در هر چهار سایت، درختان در سال دوم آماربرداری به سمت طبقه‌های زوال در حال تغییر بودند و از نظر آماری تغییر طبقه‌های زوال در هر سایت در دو سال متوالی معنی‌دار بود. نتایج آزمون فریدمن تأئید کرد که در هر سال اختلاف طبقه‌های زوال در چهار سایت از نظر آماری معنی‌دار بود. همچنین، سهم درختان دارای زوال (سرخشکیده و خشکیدگی تا 50 درصد) از 24 درصد در سال 1398 به 44 درصد در سال 1399 تغییر یافته بود. بیشترین زوال درختان بلوط در دامنه شمالی مشاهده شد. درمجموع، پیشنهاد می‌شود تا حدامکان دخالت‌های انسانی کنترل شوند .

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.17350859.1401.20.2.2.8

عنوان مقاله [English]

Annual changes of oak decline in the forests of Kurdistan province

نویسندگان [English]

maziar heidari ¹
Mehdi Pourhashemi ²
Hassan Jahanbazy Goujani ³

¹ Assistant Prof., Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran

² Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

³ Associate Prof., Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran

چکیده [English]

One of the environmental problems of the Zagros forests, is the occurrence of oak decline phenomenon in Zagros Forest. The intensity of oak decline in the North Zagros is slower than in the Middle and South Zagros. The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends of oak decline in forests of Baneh city from 2019 to 2020.Four sites including Belveh and Gandman (southern aspect) and Saraki and Mirhesam (northern aspect) were selected and 100 trees were evaluated in each site. Oak decline status was recorded during two years of research in five classes: healthy trees, dieback in crwon, dieback up to 50%, dieback more than 50% and standing dead tree. Wilcoxon and Friedman (non-parametric tests) were used to compare the decline codes at each site for two consecutive years and to compare the decline codes at four sites per year (separately). The results showed that the greatest change of oak decline class was in Saraki site (with 0.27 change). At all four sites, the trees were shifting to oak decline classes in the second year of the research, and the change in oak decline classes at each site for two consecutive years (Wilcoxon test) was statistically significant. Besides, the change of dieback trees (dieback and dieback up to 50%) from 24% of trees in 2019 to 44% of trees in 2020 had changed. Most oak decline was observed on the southern aspect. Overall, it is suggested that human intervention be controlled.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Healthy trees
dieback trees
Baneh county
aspect
oak decline

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