مروری بر نقش حریم در حفظ و پایداری اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی (مطالعه موردی: باغ گیاه‌شناسی ملی ایران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22092/ijfrpr.2022.360457.1558

چکیده

هدف این نوشتار روشن کردن ضرورت درنظر گرفتن حریم و نقش آن در اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی یا انسان‌ساخت، با کارکردهای مشخص است. ارزیابی پیامدهای مخرب ناشی از دست‌کاری‌ها و دخل و تصرف‌های انسانی به‌طور مستقیم و یا غیرمستقیم مانند بلندمرتبه‌سازی در مناطق حائل و اثرات آن بر هسته مرکزی این نوع از اکوسیستم‌ها بسیار ضروری و حیاتی است. باغ گیاه‌شناسی ملی ایران که یکی از بزرگ‌ترین و کامل‌ترین مجموعه‌های ژنتیکی کشور محسوب می‌شود، کارکردهای دیگری نظیر حفظ گونه‌های مهم و اندمیک ایران داشته و منبع تکثیر آنهاست. علاوه ‌بر آن، به‌عنوان یکی از ریه‌های تنفسی شهر تهران در تلطیف هوا و برنامه‌های آموزشی و پژوهشی نقش کلیدی و ملی دارد. براین اساس، در این نوشتار نشان‌زدهای توسعه شهرک‌سازی بر اجزاء مختلف محیط‌زیست این باغ شامل آب، خاک، هوا، پوشش گیاهی و حیات وحش بررسی شده است. براساس اطلاعات موجود و نتایج بررسی‌های میدانی، اثرات بلندمدت این نوع از توسعه بر باغ گیاه‌شناسی ملی ایران، بر تغییرات هیدرولوژیکی آب‌های زیرزمینی اثرگذاری غیرقابل برگشتی داشته و بقا و پایداری این باغ به‌علت آسیب‌های وارد بر منابع آب زیرزمینی که هم‌اکنون تأمین آب و نگهداری باغ بر آن استوار است)، با خطر جدی روبرو خواهد شد. علاوه بر آن، کاهش وزش باد و جلوگیری از تهویه لازم و تشکیل جزایر حرارتی، موجب طغیان آفات و بیماری‌های مهم گیاهان خواهد شد. همچنین، محدودشدن نفوذپذیری خاک و نیز آسیب به ارزش‌های زیبایی‌شناختی باغ از دیگر پیامدهای منفی این توسعه بی‌رویه است که حیات پایدار باغ گیاه‌شناسی ملی ایران را تهدید خواهد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An overview of the role of buffer zones in the protection and sustainability of natural ecosystems (Case study: National Botanical Garden of Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behnam Hamzehee 1
  • P. Panahi 1
  • Mohammad Matinizadeh 2
  • Fatemeh Dargahian 3
  • Hamidreza Abbasi 3
  • Ali Alizadeh Aliabadi 1
1 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study is to clarify the necessity of considering buffer area and its role in natural or man-made ecosystems, with specific functions. Evaluating the direct and indirect destructive consequences of human manipulations, such as high-rise construction in buffer areas and its effects on the central core of this type of ecosystem is very essential. The National Botanical Garden of Iran has other functions such as preserving Iran's important and endemic species and is a source of their reproduction. In addition, as one of the respiratory lungs of Tehran, it plays a key role in air conditioning and educational programs. Based on this, the signs of urban development on different parts of the environment of this garden including water, soil, air, vegetation and wildlife have been investigated in this article. Based on the available information and the results of field survay, the long-term effects of this type of development on the NBGI have had an irreversible effect on the hydrological changes of the underground water resources, and in the future, the survival and sustainability of the NBGI will be affected due to the lack of underground water supply. In addition, reducing the wind and preventing the necessary ventilation and the formation of thermal islands will cause an outbreak of pests and important diseases on plants. Also, the limitation of soil permeability and the damage to aesthetic values of the garden are other negative consequences of this excessive development, which will threaten the sustainable life of the NBGI.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Buffer
  • high0rise construction
  • National Botanical Garden of Iran
  • pollution
  • protection
  • species diversity
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