بررسی تغییرات پوشش اراضی در یک دوره 46 ساله در منطقه کیاسر ساری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری ساری، مازندران، ایران

2 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 دانشیار، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران

چکیده

تغییرات پوشش اراضی به عنوان یکی از عوامل مهم و مؤثر بر تغییرات منابع‌ طبیعی و محیط ‌زیست به حساب می­آیند، بنابراین درک و پیش­بینی علل، فرآیند­ها و نتایج این تغییرات به یک چالش عمده در زمین تبدیل شده‌ است. امروزه با فناوری سنجش از دور و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی، می­توان در جهت شناسایی و کشف این تغییرات و اثرات آن استفاده کرد. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی تغییر کاربری و پوشش منطقه کیاسر در دوره 46 ساله (از 1345 تا 1391) با استفاده از این فناوری است. برای این منظور نقشه کاربری اراضی در 1345 به‏کمک نقشه­های توپوگرافی، در 1366 به‏کمک تصاویر سنجنده TM و در 1391 به‏کمک تصاویر سنجده LISS III تهیه شد. ابتدا پیش­پردازش و پردازش­های لازم همچون تصحیح هندسی، اتمسفریک و ایجاد شاخص­های طیفی و نسبت­گیری بر روی باندهای هر دو سنجنده انجام شد. پس از تعیین کاربری­های فعلی منطقه، از هر کاربری، نمونه تعلیمی تهیه و تفکیک­پذیری آنها با شاخص­های واگرایی انجام شد. برای انجام طبقه­بندی از الگوریتم­های حداکثر احتمال، حداقل فاصله، متوازی‌السطوح و برای بررسی تغییرات نیز از روش مقایسه پس از طبقه­بندی استفاده شد. یافته‏ها نشان داد در عرض 46 سال سطح مناطق جنگلی از 16/98 به 39/18 کیلومتر­مربع رسیده و به‏عبارتی  17/43 درصد  کاهش داشته است. این اراضی به مناطق فاقد پوشش، اراضی کشاورزی، دیمزارهای رها شده و مرتع تبدیل شده‏اند و در این بازه­ی زمانی سطح آنها به ترتیب 15/14، 61/13، 05/10 و 37/5 درصد افزایش یافته‏اند. در مجموع نتایج نشان داد RS دارای قابلیت بالایی در تعیین تغییرات پوشش اراضی است.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of land cover change over a 46-year period in Kiasar region of Sari

نویسندگان [English]

  • R. Raie 1
  • zeinab jafarian 2
  • J. Ghorbani 3
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, detection of land cover changes and their effects on natural resources and the environment has been feasible through the technology of remote sensing and GIS. The present study aimed to assess the coverage change in Kiasar area over a period of 46 years (from 1966 to 2012) using remote sensing technology and satellite images. To this end, we prepared the land use maps for the years 1966, 1987 and 2012 using topographic maps, image of TM sensor and image of LISS III sensor, respectively. At first, the required pre-processing workflow comprising geometric and atmospheric corrections, and the creation of spectral and aspect ratio indices was performed on the bands of both sensors. After determination of current land uses in the study area, the training samples were recorded using GPS from each land uses and resolution of training samples was obtained using transformed divergence severability index. Classification was performed using maximum likelihood, parallel piped and minimum distance classifiers. The changes were compared after classification. The analysis revealed that over a period of 46-year the forest areas declined from 98.16 km2 (53.12% of land area in 1966) to 18.39 km2 (9.95% of land area in 2012). In other words, over this period of time 43.17% of the forest areas were replaced by uncovered land, agricultural lands, dry farm lands and rangelands. These changed areas increased by 14.15, 13.61, 10.05 and 5.37%, respectively. In conclusion, RS has a high capability in detection of the land cover changes. 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • land use
  • Forest
  • LISS III sensor
  • Classification
  • Kiasar

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 19 دی 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 مهر 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 مرداد 1396

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