ترکیبات شیمیایی و اثر حشره‌کشی اسانس سه گیاه دارویی روی شپشه برنج Sitophilus oryzae L.

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاددانشگاهی

2 سازمان جنگلها و مراتع

چکیده

مشکلات ناشی از مصرف آفتکش‎های شیمیایی و مصنوعی بر محیط زیست و انسان موجب گرایش به استفاده از آفتکش‎هایی با منشأ گیاهی و طبیعی برای کنترل آفات شده است. مریم گلیL.  Salvia officinalis، اسطوخودوس Lavandula angustifolia Mill و پونه آسای الموتی Jamzad & Assadi Nepeta pogonsperma با دارا بودن خواص آفت‌کشی به عنوان گیاهانی بالقوه می‎توانند بدین منظور مورد سنجش قرار گیرند. در پژوهش حاضر ترکیبات شیمیایی، سمیت تنفسی و فعالیت دورکنندگی اسانس گونه­های ذکرشده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اسانس اندام‌های هوایی این گیاهان با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر به روش تقطیر با آب استخراج شد. شناسایی ترکیبات اسانس توسط دستگاه GC-MS انجام شد. آزمایش­ها در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 5 تکرار در شرایط آزمایشگاهی (دمای1±28 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5 ± 70 درصد و دوره نور- تاریکی12:12) انجام شد. ترکیبات اصلی گیاهان S. officinalis، L. angustifoliaو N.pogonsperma به ترتیب Thujone (29/37 %)، 1,8-cineol (3/41 و 86/34 %) می‎باشد. همه گیاهان این پژوهش فعالیت حشره‎‌کشی را علیه S. oryzaeنشان دادند. مقادیر LC50 اسانس گونه‎های S. officinalis، N. pogonspermaوL. angustifolia به ترتیب 19/148 و 49/150 و72/156 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا برایS. oryzae  برآورد شد. نتایج آزمایش‎هانشان داد که اسانسN. pogonspermaبا 5/86 درصد در مقایسه با اسانسS. officinalisوL. angustifoliaبه ترتیببا 67 و 5/61 درصد بالاترین اثر دورکنندگی را علیهS. oryzae دارد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Chemical compounds and insecticidal effects of three medicinal plant essential oils on Sitophilus oryzae L.

چکیده [English]

     Due to the raising concerns about chemical and synthetic pesticides hazards on the environment and the human health, there is a trend to using botanical and natural pesticides increased. To this end, Salvia officinalis L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill and Nepeta pogonsperma Jamzad & Assadi as the potential plants for pest control can be used. The present study was conducted to identify chemical composition, fumigant toxicity and repellence activities of the essential oils from these plants against Sitophilus oryzae L. Dried aerial parts of the plant were subjected to hydro-distillation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus. The composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS). The experiments were conducted using a complete randomized design with 5 replications at laboratory conditions (28±1 ˚C, 70±5 % R.H. and 12:12 h dark:light). The major components of S. officinalis, L. angustifolia and N. pogonosperma were Thujone (37.29%) and 1,8-cineol (41.3 and 34.86%), respectively. All the tested plants showed insecticidal activity against S. oryzae. The LC50 values of essential oils for S. officinalis, N. pogonsperma and L. angustifolia, were estimated 148.19, 150.49 and 156.72 µl/l air against S. oryzae, respectively. The results showed that the essential oil of N. pogonosperma strongly repelled S. oryzae (86.5%) compared with the essential oils from S. officinalis and L. angustifolia (67 and 61.5%, respectively).
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oils
  • fumigant toxicity
  • repellency
  • Sitophilus oryzae

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 09 آبان 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 مهر 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 خرداد 1396

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