بیماری پوسیدگی فوزاریومی ریشه و طوقه چمن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه بیماری‎شناسی گیاهی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دامغان

2 نویسنده مسئول مکاتبات، استاد پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور

3 دانشیار پژوهش، گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

چمن‎ها از دیر‎باز به لحاظ تأثیر در فرح‎بخشی محیط زندگی انسان اهمیت زیادی داشته و قسمت اصلی فضای‎سبز شهری و زمین‎های ورزشی در ایران را تشکیل می‎دهند.چمن‎ها به گونه‌های فوزاریوم حساس می‌باشند. تحقیق حاضردر سال‌های 1389 و 1390 با هدف بررسی نقش گونه‎های فوزاریوم در پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه و سوختگی اندام‎های هوایی چمن انجام و نمونه‎های دارای این علائم از فضاهای سبز تهران، خراسان، اردبیل و خوزستان با شرایط آب وهوایی معتدل، سرد و گرم جمع‎آوری گردید. نمونه‎ها بر‎اساس روش‎های متعارف برای جداسازی گونه‎های فوزاریوم ضدعفونی سطحی، کشت و با استفاده از کلید‎های شناسایی معتبر تشخیص داده شد.از مجموع 101 جدایه حاصل، هشت درصد Fusarium oxysporum، نه درصد F. subglutinans، هشت درصد F. chlamydosporum، 13 درصدF. graminearum ، 33 درصدF. solani ، 28 درصد F. Compactum و 2 درصد F. proliferatum شناسایی گردید. آزمایش بیماری‌زایی جدایه‎های هر یک از گونه‎های فوزاریوم با استفاده از سوسپانسیون کنیدی آنها روی چمن یک‎ماهه تجاری بارن‎بروگ (Barenbrug) که مخلوطی از 10 درصد Poa pratensis، 20 درصد Lolium perenne، 20 درصد Cynodon dactylon، 20 درصدstolonifera  Agrostis و 30 درصد از دو نوع F. arundinacea،  Festuca rubra بود، در گلخانه انجام شد. در مقایسه نسبی بیشترین بیماری‌زایی به‌ترتیب مربوط به گونه‌های F. solani، F. subglutinan، F. chlamydosporum، F. oxysporum، F. compactum، F. graminearum و F. poliferatum بود. همچنین بیماری‎زایی جدایه‎هایی از گونه‎های فوق روی هریک از چمن‌های P. pratensis، L. perenne، Festuca spp،A. stolonifera  و C. dactylon به‎تنهایی و در شرایط فوق انجام شد. به‌طوری‌که از بین پنج چمن مورد آزمایش بیشترین مقاومت نسبت به گونه‌های فوزاریوم به‎ترتیب در چمن‎های Lolium، Poa، Festuca،Cynodon  و Agrostis مشاهده شد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Fusarium root and crown rot disease of Turfgrass

نویسندگان [English]

  • K. Khorshidi Kashani 1
  • M. Mirabolfathy 2
  • Y. Rezaee Danesh 3
چکیده [English]

Turfgrasses have been recognized for their importance to our quality of life for many years. Today, they are cultured as a main component of cool-season grasses in the landscape and sport fields in Iran. Turfgrasses are susceptible to Fusarium species. To study the role of Fusarium species as the causal agents of foliar blight, crown and root rot of turfgrass, samples were collected from infected turfgrass plants from different areas in landscapes of Tehran, Ardebil, Khorasan and Khoozestan provinces during 2009 - 2010. Based on morphological and physiological characteristics and the diagnostic keys a total of 101 isolates seven species of Fusarium recovered. These include: F. solani (33%), F. chlamydosporum (8%), F. proliferatum (2%), F. graminarum (13%), F. oxysporum (8%), F. subglutinans (9%)and F. compactum (28%). Fusarium isolates were found pathogenic using their conidial suspensions in the soil of the one month- old turfgrass seedlings used in Iran as Baronburg trade mark which is mixed of Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis seeds in the greenhouse conditions. Based on the more pathogenic effect, the order of Fusarium species were: F. solani, F. subglutinan, F. chlamydosporum, F. oxysporum, F. compactum,F. graminearum, F. poliferatum, respectively. Pathogenicity test for above Fusarium isolates against five major genera of turfgrasses including: Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass), F. rubra (Fescue), Agrostis stolonifera (Bentgrass), Lolium perenne (Rye grass) and Cynodon dactylon (Bermudagrass)– were also performedunder greenhouse conditions. The results showed that Rye grass, Fescue, Kentucky bluegrass Bermuda grass and Bentgrass were more resistant to isolates of tested Fusarium species, respectively Pathogenicity test for any of five turfgrasses against above Fusarium species was performed on one month- old seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The virulence of the fungal isolates was evaluated.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Turfgrass
  • Root and crown rot
  • Fusarium species
  • pathogenicity
 
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