نقش حشرات گرده‌افشان‌ و بذرخوار بر زادآوری اسپرس همدانی (Hedysarumcriniferum Boiss) در استان اصفهان (مطالعه موردی- ایستگاه آبخیزداری چادگان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای علوم مرتع، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

2 استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

3 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

      حشرات گرده‌افشان‌ و بذرخوار نقش مهمی در زادآوری برخی گیاهان دارند. شناسایی این نقش در زادآوری گونه‌های دارای پراکنش لکه‌ای به‏خصوص لگوم‌های خوش‌خوراک و دارای ارزش غذایی بالا با توانایی تثبیت نیتروژن، در حفظ و توسعه آنها اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی نقش این حشرات و تعیین برهم‎کنش آنها در تولید بذر گونه اسپرس همدانیHedysarum criniferum  در استان اصفهان انجام شد. به‏ این منظور در رویشگاه طبیعی این گیاه، تیمارهای حذف گرده‌افشان و حضور بذرخوار، حذف گرده‌افشان و بذرخوار، حضور گرده‌افشان و حذف بذرخوار و شاهد یعنی حضور گرده‌افشان و بذرخوار اعمال گردید. برای ممانعت از ورود حشرات گرده‌افشان و بذرخوار بر روی پایه‌های گیاه از قفس‌های با پوشش توری پارچه‎ای استفاده شد. متغیرهایی از قبیل تعداد کل بند بنشن تولیدشده، بذر تولیدشده در بند بنشن و نسبت بذرآلوده به بذرخواران به ازای هر پایه گیاه ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که حضور حشرات گرده‌افشان‌ مفید بوده و باعث شده بندبنشن‎ها 6/47 برابر و بذر تولیدی 6/62 برابر نسبت به غیاب آن‌ها افزایش یابد به‎علاوه سوسک‎های بذرخوار خانواده Bruchidae توانستند 27٪ بذرها را نسبت به حالت غیاب آلوده کنند. به‏این ترتیب گرده‌افشان‌ها اهمیت بیشتری نسبت به بذرخواران در زادآوری این گیاه دارند. نتایج نشان داد که بذرخواران عامل اصلی محدودیت پراکنش این گونه‌ محسوب نمی‌شوند و باوجود تخریب بخشی از بذرها توسط بذرخواران، وجود گرده‌افشانی باعث می‌شود که اختلالی در بقای آن به وجود نیاید. همچنین اثر متقابل بین گرده‌افشان‌ها و بذرخواران در زادآوری این گونه در سطح احتمال 95٪ معنی‌دار نشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of pollinators and seed predators in the regeneration of Hedysarum criniferum Boiss in Esfahan province.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atefeh Shahbazi 1
  • Seyed Hamid Matinkhah 2
  • Jahangir Khajehali 3
1 PhD candidate of Rangland science, Natural resources Department, Isfahan University of Technology
2 Assistant Professor, Natural Resources Department Isfahan University of Technology, Iran
3 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan
چکیده [English]

   Pollinators and seed predators may strongly influence some of the plant reproductive fitness measures. For supporting conservation and development of the plant species with local dispersal, identification of favorable and unfavorable factors on the species reproduction is needed, especially in the case of palatable and nitrogen-fixing legumes with high nutritional value. This study aimed atdetermining the role of pollinators and seed predators and their interaction in seed production of Hedysarum criniferum Boiss. To achieve the goal, the following treatments were applied in the natural habitat of the plant: pollinators excluded/seed predators present; seed predators excluded/pollinators present; seed predators excluded/pollinators excluded; and a control (neither excluded). Tulle-mesh cages were used to prevent insect pollinators and seed predators to affect the plants. The response variables were the number of seeds produced per plant, the number of loments produced per plant and the proportion of attacked fruits by seed predators per plant. The results showed that the pollination impact was supportive and caused a 47.6 fold increment in loments and a 62.6 fold increase in produced seeds compared to their absence. It was found that the pollinators were more effective than the seed predators on the reproduction of this plant. In addition, the seed predators infected 27% of the seeds compared to the control. Despite the fact that seed predators caused the loss of about one-fourth of the seeds, the healthy seeds produced by the plant was sufficient such that seed predators were not a significant threat to the plant’s survival. Consequently, seed predators possibly could not be considered as the main factor for patchiness in the distribution of H. criniferum. Moreover, a non-significant herbivory × pollination interaction on seed production of H. criniferum (p≥0.05) was found.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • pollinator insects
  • Seed predator insects
  • Hedysarum criniferum
  • plant insect interaction

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 اسفند 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 31 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 مرداد 1394

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