جداسازی و شناسایی قارچ‌های اندومیکوریزی موجود در ریزوسفر درختان بادام (Amygdalus scoparia Spach) در جنگل‎های زاگرس (مطالعه موردی: ذخیره‎گاه جنگلی کلم در استان ایلام)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگلداری، دانشگاه ایلام

چکیده

این تحقیق به‎منظور شناسایی قارچ‌های میکوریزی با درختان بادام (Amygdalus scoparia) در ذخیره‏گاه جنگلی کلم در استان ایلام، انجام شد. بدین منظور در ریزوسفر درختان بادام نمونه‎ها‌ی خاک از عمق 0-30 سانتی‌متری تهیه شد. آنگاه نمونه‌های خاک پس از انتقال به آزمایشگاه در هوای آزاد خشک شده و بعد اسپور قارچ‎ها به روش الک تر و سانتریفیوژ جدا شد. پس از استخراج اسپور قارچ‎ها، اسلایدهای دائمی تهیه گردید و قارچ‏ها با استفاده از ویژگی‎های مرفولوژیکی شناسایی شدند. در این مطالعه، 13 گونه قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولار متعلق به هفت جنس: Funneliformis، Acaulospora،Gigaspora ،Septoglomus ،Diversispora ، Claroideoglomusو Rhizophagus در ریزوسفر بادام شناسایی شدند که جنس Rhizophagus با 8/30 درصد، جنس غالب در منطقه بود. علاوه‎بر‎این گونه‌های Funneliformis caledonius، F. mosseae، Rhizophagus intraradices، R. fasciculatus ،R. clarum، Claroideoglomus drummondii و Gigaspora gigantea بیشترین فراوانی و گونه‌ی  C. etunicatumکمترین فراوانی را در ریزوسفر بادام داشتند. همچنین بیشترین فراوانی اسپور قارچ، متعلق به گونه  Funneliformis mosseaeبود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation and identification of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in the roots and rhizosphere of Amygdalus scoparia Spach in Zagros forests (Case study: Kolm reservoir in Ilam province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Mirzaei 1
  • Najme Noorbakhsh 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 M.sc student, forestry, Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
چکیده [English]

    This study was conducted to identify the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the roots and rhizosphere of Amygdalus scoparia in the forests of Kolm reservoir in Ilam province. Therefore, in the rhizosphere of almond trees, soil and root samples were collected from a depth of 0-30 cm. Soil samples for isolation and identification of fungi were transported to the laboratory and spores of arbuscular fungi were isolated using the wet sieving and decanting method on Sucrose followed by centrifuging. Isolated spores were mounted on slides and Spore morphological characteristics were considered for identification. In total, 13 species belonging to 7 genera of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi including Funneliformis, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Septoglomus, Diversispora, Claroideoglomus, Rhizophagus, were identified in the rhizosphere of almond trees. Rhizophagus was the dominant genus at 30.8 percent. Further, the Funneliformis caledonius, F. mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, R. fasciculatus, R. clarum, Claroideoglomus drummondii, Gigaspora gigantea were the most and C. etunicatum was the least found species in the area. Most abundance of spores belonged to the Funneliformis mosseae species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amygdalus scoparia
  • fungi
  • endomycorrhizal fungi
  • Ecosystem
  • Ilam

مراجع

Al-areqi, A., Chliyeh, M., Sghir, F., Ouazzani, A., Benkirane, R. and Douira, A., 2013. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Coffea Arabica in Yemen, Journal of Applied Biosciences, 64, 4888-4901.
- Blaszkowski, J., 1993. Comparative studies of the occurrence of arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae (Glomales) in cultivated and uncultivated soils of Poland. Acta Mycologica. 28, 93-140.
- Błaszkowski, J., 1995. Acaulospora koskei, a new species in Glomales from Poland. Mycological Research. 99 (2): 237–240.
- Blaszkowski, J., 2003. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota), Endogone, and Complexipes species deposited in the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture in Szczecin, Poland. Address: http://www.agro.ar.szczecin.pl/~jblaszkowski/.
- Blaszkowski, J., Tadych, M. and Madej, T., 2002. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycota) of the Bledowska Desert, Poland. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 71: 71-85.
- Blaszkowski, J., Tadych, M., Madej, T., Adamska, I. and Iwaniuk, A., 2001. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycota) of Israeli soils. Mat. II Polsko-Izraelskiej Konf. Nauk. nt. „ Gospodarowanie zasobami wodnymi i nawadnianie roslin uprawnych.” Przeglad naukowy Wydz. Inz. Ksztalt. Srod. 22, 8-27.
- Bouamri, R., Dalpe, Y., Serrhini, M. N. and Bennani, A., 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Species associated with rhizosphere of Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) in Morocco. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(6): 510‐516.
- Calvet, C., Estaún, V., Camprub, A., Hernández-Dorrego, A., Pinochet, J., Moreno, M. A., 2004. Aptitude for mycorrhizal root colonization in Prunus rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae, 100: 39–49
- Friese, C. F., Koske, R. E., 1991. The spatial dispersion of spores of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a sand dune: microscale patterns associated with the root architecture of American beach grass. Mycological Research, 95: 952-957.
- Gerdemann, J. W., Trappe, J. M., 1974. The Endogonaceae in the Pacific Northwest. Mycologia Memoir, 5: 1-76.
- Ghaneapour, M., 2010. The isolation and identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in rhizosphere spp., Tamarix and Ephedra in Semnan, MA thesis, plant pathology, Islamic Azad University, 107 p. (In Persian).
- Ghorbani, M., 2012. Identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with tomatoes in Khorasan and their effects on Induced resistance to Meloidogyne javanica. Ph.D Thesis. Ferdowsi university of Mashhad.
- Janani, A., 2010. Isolation and identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with roots of thyme, and plant diversity in the area anymore, MA thesis, plant pathology, 97 p. (In Persian).
- Jozi, S. A., Moradi Majd, N., 2014. Evaluation habitant condaition of  Amygdalus scoparia  in Bolhasan Dezful using multiple criteria decision making method. Journal of plant ecophysiology, 5: 88-102 (In Persian).
- Kariman, K. H., Mohammadi Goltapeh, V. and Minassian, V., 2005. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from Iran, Journal of Agricultural technology, 1(2): 301-313.
- Koske, R. E., 1985. Glomus aggregatum emended: A distinct taxon in the Glomus fasciculatum complex. Mycologia 77: 619-630.
- Koske, R. E., Tews, L. L., 1987. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Wisconsin sandy soils. Mycologia, 79: 901-905.
- Koske, R. E., Halvorson, W. L., 1989. Scutellospora arenicola and Glomus trimurales: Two new species in the Endogonaceae. Mycologia, 81: 927-933.
- Mahdavi Meymand, Z., Moshafi, M., Forutanfar, H., 2009. Antibacterial activity of Metanolic extract of 12 herbal species on 6 bacterial strains using Cylinder-plate method. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 8 (3): 227-238 (In Persian).
- Manimegalai, V., Selvaraj, T. and Ambikapathy, V., 2011. Studies on isolation and identification of VAM fungi in Solanumviarum dunal of medicinal plants. Pelagia research library. 2: 621-628.
- McGee P. A., Trappe J. M. 2002. The Australian zygomycetous mycorrhizal fungi. II. Further Australian sporocarpic Glomaceae. Aust. Sys. Bot. 15, 115-124.
- Mirzaei, J., Akbarinia, M. and Mohammadi, A., 2012. Identify mycorrhizal fungi associated  with tree (Pistacia atlantica) and (P.khinjuk) in Ilam and their effect on growth under drought stress, PhD thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University, Noor, Iran (In Persian).
- Nicolson, T. H., Gerdemann J. W., 1968. Mycorrhizal Endogone species. Mycologia, 60, 313-325.
- Oehl, F., Sieverding, E., Ineichen, K., Mader, P., Boller, T. and Wiemken, A., 2003. Impact of land use intensity on the species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems of Central Europe. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69: 2816-2824.
- Othira, J. O., Omolo, J. O., Kiruki, S., Onek, L. A. and Wachira, F. N., 2014. Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in Lake Victoria Basin of Kenya. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 6(4), 145-152.
- Schalamuk, S., Velazquez, S., Chidichimo, H., and Cabello, M., 2006. Fungal spore diversity of
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with spring wheat: effects of tillage. Mycologia, 98 (1): 16–22.
- Schenck, N. C., Smith, G., 1982. Additional new and unreported species of mycorrhizal fungi (Endogonaceae) from Florida. Mycologia, 74: 77-92.
- Schenck N. C., Smith G. S., 1981. Distribution and occurrence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Florida agricultural crops. Soil and crop science society of florida proceedings, 40: 171-175.
- Sedaghat, N., Pazhouhanmehr, S., 2014. The evaluation of the quality properties of kernel oil from Amygdalus scoparia growing wild in Iran under different storage conditions and packaging. Journal of Food Science, 43(11): 11-23 (In Persian).
- Smith, S. E., Facelli, E., Pope, S., Smith, A., 2010. Plant performance in stressful environments: interpreting new and established knowledge of the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plant Soil, 326: 3-20.
 - Trappe, J. W., 1977. Three new Endogonaceae: Glomus constrictus, Sclerocystis clavispora, and Acaulospora scrobiculata. Mycotaxon, 6: 359-366.
- Walker, C., Mize, C. W. and McNabb, H. S., 1982. Populations of endogonaceous fungi at two localities in central Iowa. Canadian Journal of Botany, 60: 2518-2529.
- Zangane, S., Gables, A., Mohammad Alian, Y., Najafi Nia, M., Karampour, F. and Castle thieves, H., 2005. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from the rhizosphere introduce new varieties of citrus. Journal of Rostaniha, 14: 77-89 (In Persian).

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 18 اسفند 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 31 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 مرداد 1394

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار