Biological study of Bradyporus latipes (Orthoptera: Tettigonidae) and determination of the best control method in rangelands of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary Province

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Grasshoppers are accounted as important pests of agricultural crops, rangelands and forests. There are various native grasshoppers on range plants and field crops in Chaharmahal and BakhtiaryProvince. Bradyporus latipes is the most important pest, with rapid increase in population. In the course of study carried out in rangelands of Douto-Shahrekord region and Ben city during 2000-2002, life cycle of the pest was investigated in field plots and in laboratory conditions. Further to that, a comparative experiment was conducted to apply the insecticides, Carbaryl, Phenithrothion, B.T.Deltaplus and Dimilin and two different methods of spraying and toxic baits against the pest. The data were analyzed by factorial design on the basis of a completely randomized design. The comparisons of means were conducted by Duncan multiple range test. The results indicated that insect had one generation in a year. The pest overwinters as eggs in soil. The activity period started in April and lasted till June. The pest had five instars and was polyphagous with around 40 hosts of different plant families. Low temperature in April and continual rain in spring caused high mortality on nymphs of the pest. Starlings, sparrows, crows, larvae of blister beetles and robber flies were predators, while wasps of the family Sphecidae and two sarcophagid flies (Sarcophila meridionalis and Wolfhartia bella) were parasitoids of this grasshopper. In comparison of the insecticides, results indicated that mortality percent in spray treatment method was higher and statistically different with bran bait method (p<0.05) and in terms of mortality rate, insecticides were statistically different (p<0.05). Phenitrothion had the highest, while B.T. and Deltaplus had lower mortality percent. Dimilin and Carbaryl were placed in two statistical levels between Phenithrothion and B.T.Deltaplus. In addition, the mortality percent of oily Dimilin were higher and more effective than powdery Dimilin. Mortality rate between male and female grasshoppers for all insecticides in two different treatment methods was not statistically different (p<0.05).
 
 

Keywords

References

-      حقیقیان، ف.، 1381. بررسی بیولوژی ملخ بادمجانیB. latipes (Orthoptera:Tettigonidae)  و تعیین بهترین نحوه مبارزه با آن در مراتع استان چهارمحال و بختیاری. گزارش نهایی طرح خاتمه یافته انتشارات وزارت جهاد کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، 49 صفحه.
-      حقیقیان، ف.، 1383. بررسی بیولوژی(Diptera: Sarcophagida)  Sarcophila meridionalis پارازیتوئید ملخ بادمجانی (B.latipes (Orthoptera: Tettigonidae در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری. گزارش نهایی طرح خاتمه یافته. انتشارات وزارت جهاد کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، 32 صفحه.
-      منیری، و. ر.، 1376. مقایسه اثر ترکیبات شیمیایی، میکروبی، هورمونی، علیه ملخ کوهان‌دار تاغ (Dericorys albidula). گزارش نهایی طرح خاتمه یافته، انتشارات وزارت جهاد سازندگی، معاونت آموزش و تحقیقات، 68 صفحه.
-   Belovsky, G.E. and Slade, J.B., 1995. Dynamics of some Montana grasshopper populations: relationship among weather, food abundance and interspecific competition. Oecologia, 101: 383-396.
-   Caudwell, R.W., 1993. Bait formulation of microbial agents for grasshopper control. Biocontrol News and Information, 14(3): 53-57.
-   Changzhang, L., Guanthan, F. and Liu, C.Z., 2000. Investigation of species and biology of grasshoppers in high mountain grassland in Gansu province. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 27(7): 42-46.
-   Deura, K. and Hartley, J.C., 1982. Initial diapause and embryonic development in the speckled bush cricket, Leptophyes punctatissima. Physiol. Entomol., 7: 253-262.
-   George, T.L., Ewen, M.C. and Flower, A., 1992. Effect of a carbaryl bait on non target wild life. Environmental Entomology, 21(6): 1239-1247.
-   Hewit, G.B. and Onsager, J.A., 1982. A method for forecasting potential losses from grasshopper. Journal of range management, 35(1): 53-56.
-   Hoogewerff , N. and Duphar, B., 1986. The Insect growth regulator Dimilin, it’s main characteristics and use. 2nd International Conference on Plant Protection In the Tropics, pp: 244-255.
-   Johnson, D.L. and Goettel, M.S., 1993. Reduction of grasshopper populations following field application of the fungus Beaveria bassiana. Biocontrol science and technology, 3(2): 165-175.
-   Kemp, W.P. and Kalaris, T.M., 1989. Rangeland grasshopper spatial variability macroscale population assessment. Journal of economic entomology, 82:1270-76.
-   Key, K.H.L., 1970, Orthoptera (grasshopper, locusts, crickets). In: The insect of Australia a text book for students and research workers. E.d. CSIRO. MelbourneUniversity Press, Melbourne, pp.: 323-347.
-   Miller, R.H. and Onsager, J.A., 1991. Grasshopper and plant relationship under different grazing intensities, Environmental Entomology, 20: 807-814.
-   Muckerjii, M.K., Ewen, A.B., Craig, C.H and Ford, R.J., 1981. Evaluation of insecticide-treated bran baits for grasshopper control in Saskatchewan (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Canadian Entomologist, 113(8): 705-710.
 
-   Nerney, N.J., 1985. Grasshopper infestations in relation to range condition. Journal of Range Management, 11: 247-54.
-   Nielson, D.G., 1990. Developing biorational pesticides for the landscape industry OARDS Special Circular Ohio Agricultural Research and DevelopmentCenter, 135: 45-49.
-   Oma, E.A. and Street, D.A., 1993. Production of a grasshopper entomopoxovirus in Melanopuls  sanguinipes. Canadian Entomologist, 125 (6): 1131-1133.
-   Scherer, R. and Rakotonandrasane, M.A., 1993. Barrier treatment a benzyl urea insect growth regulator against Locusta migratoria Capito (Sauss) hopper bonds in Madagascar. International Journal of Pest Management, 39(4): 411-417.
-   Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A. and Masak, S., 1986. Seasonal adaptations of insects. OxfordUniversity Press, 411 pp.
-   Wang, L.Y. and Yang, C.X., 1994. Effect of the control of grasshopper in Xingjiang rangeland by using Nosema locustae bran bait with a different formulation, Chines Journal of Biological Control, 10 (3): 123-125.
-   Warne, A.C., 1972. Embryonic development and the systematics of the Tettigoniidae. PhD. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 150 pp.
-   Waston, J.F., Moore, L. and Ware G.W., 1976. Insect growth regulators, Journal of Agricultural Entomology, 10: 161-164.
Wheeler, W.M., 1893. A contribution to insect embryology. J. Morph., 8: 1-160.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 04 October 2005
  • Revise Date: 07 June 2016
  • Accept Date: 06 August 2007

Share

How to cite

Statistics