Population fluctuations and damage of the pistachio fruit thrips, Liothrips austriacus (Thy.:Phlaeothripidae) on Pistacia vera and Pistacia atlantica, subspecies P. mutica in Rafsanjan

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Thrips are considered as the minor pests in the pistachio orchards in Iran. However their economic importance is different at various pistachio plantations of the country. In present investigation the population fluctuations and damage of Liothrips austriacus (Karney) on cultivated (Pistacia vera linnaeus) and wild-pistachio trees (Pistacia atlantica, subspecies P. mutica (Fisher and C. A. Meyer) were surveyed in Rafsanjan, southern part of Iran. It was found that the population fluctuations of this insect is different on both examined host plants. Population density of L. austriacus began to increase from early April and reached to its peak in July and then declined thereafter gradually. This species disappeared on aerial parts of pistachio trees immediately after harvest and prior to leaves fall. However, on wild pistachio trees, the population density reached to peak in June and declined to low density conditions. The developmental period of the insect on wild pistachio trees in mountainous areas was clearly shorter than that of cultivated trees in plane areas. The present work showed that the thrips larvae cause damage on fruits due to feeding on pericarp. Liothrips austriacus causes brown spots on fruits’ hull, then injured fruits becomes dry and irregular cracks appear on fruits' pericarp. No symptoms of thrips injury were found on aerial parts of the wild pistachio trees. In the meantime, thrips-infected fruits were furthere examined for aflatoxin contamination. As, L. austriacus is commonly active on pistachio fruits, the term "pistachio fruit thrips" have been applied to describe the pest in the literature.
 
 

Keywords

References

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Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research
Volume 8, Issue 2 - Serial Number 16
December 2011
Pages 165-177

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History

  • Receive Date: 11 September 2010
  • Revise Date: 24 May 2016
  • Accept Date: 08 March 2011

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