دیدگاه کارشناسان در ‌مورد تأثیر سیاست‌های دولت و بهره‌برداری ناپایدار توسط جوامع روستایی بر تخریب مراتع استان زنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 دانشیار ترویج کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

5 5- استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات منابع طبیعی و کشاورزی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران

10.22092/ijfrpr.2023.360420.1557

چکیده

عوامل متعددی باعث تخریب مراتع شده‌اند. پژوهش پیش‌رو با هدف بررسی تأثیر سیاست‌ها و مداخله‌های جوامع محلی بر کاهش مراتع از طریق روش کیفی نظریه داده‌بنیاد انجام شد. مشارکت‌کنندگان، 17 نفر از کارشناسان منابع طبیعی، محیط‌زیست و کشاورزی استان زنجان بودند که به شیوه نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و از طریق روش گلوله برفی تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری مشخص و انتخاب شدند و با آنها مصاحبه شد. تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی منجر به استخراج 427 مفهوم، 203 مقوله اولیه، 51 مقوله اصلی و 8 مقوله کانونی شد. مقوله‌های کانونی عبارت بودند از: کاهش سطح مراتع و افزایش سطح اراضی زراعی، تأثیر سیاست‌های دولت بر اراضی روستایی و مراتع، تغییر نظام اجتماعی- اقتصادی روستا و نظام بهره‌برداری، تأثیر مداخله‌های انسانی بر تخریب مراتع، نقش نهادها در حفاظت مراتع، بهره‌برداری ناپایدار منابع طبیعی توسط روستاییان، تغییر مالکیت اراضی مردم روستایی و تأثیر بهره‌برداری جمعی بر تخریب مراتع. مدل پارادایمی حول پدیده مرکزی پژوهش، «کاهش سطح مراتع و افزایش سطح اراضی زراعی»، به‌ویژه بعد از دهه 1360 ترسیم شد. سیاست‌های دولت در‌ مورد اراضی، به‌ویژه ملی شدن منابع‌ طبیعی و اصلاحات ارضی بر تشدید تغییرات کیفی مراتع، تغییر مالکیت اراضی، کاهش سطح مراتع و افزایش سطح اراضی زراعی مؤثر بوده‌اند که در پی آن تغییر در نظام اجتماعی- اقتصادی و نظام بهره‌برداری اراضی روستایی را ایجاد کرده‌اند. مداخلات انسانی، به‌ویژه با افزایش جمعیت روستاها و افزایش تعداد دام و فشار بیش از حد بر مراتع به‌عنوان مهمترین عامل مؤثر بر تغییر کاربری اراضی و کاهش و تخریب مراتع هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Specialists’ views on the impact of policies and unsustainable use by rural communities on rangeland degradation in the Zanjan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • roghaye babaei 1
  • Esmail Karamidehkordi 2
  • Rohollah Rezaei 3
  • Yones Khosravi 4
  • Farhad Aghajanloo 5
1 PhD Student of Agricultural Development, Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanja, Iran.
2 Associate Professor ofAgricultural Extension and Rural Development, Agricultural Extension and Education Department,Faculty of Agriculture,TarbiatModares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development Department,Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan.
4 Associate Professor of Climatology, Department of Environmental Sciecnces, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Zanjan Agricultureal and Natural Resources Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO),Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Multiple factors have contributed to rangeland degradation. The present research aims to investigate the impact of policies and interventions by local communities on rangeland reduction through a qualitative approach utilizing the grounded theory method. The participants included 17 experts in natural resources, environment, and agriculture from Zanjan Province, selected purposively and interviewed using a snowball method until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data analysis employing open, axial, and selective coding yielded 427 concepts, which were categorized into 203 initial, 51 principal, and 8 core categories. The core categories encompassed: the decrease in rangeland area and increase in cropland area, the influence of government policies on rural lands and rangelands, shifts in rural socio-economic and farming systems, the impact of human interventions on rangeland degradation, the role of institutions in rangeland conservation, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources by rural communities, changes in rural land ownership, and the effect of collective utilization on rangeland degradation. The paradigmatic model centered around the central phenomenon of the research, "decrease in rangeland area and increase in cropland area," particularly post the 1980s. Government land policies, notably the nationalization of natural resources and land reforms, have significantly contributed to qualitative changes in rangelands, shifts in land ownership, reductions in rangeland area, and expansion of cropland. These changes have triggered shifts in socio-economic systems and land-use patterns in rural areas. Human interventions, especially population growth in rural areas and the intensified livestock population exceeding rangeland capacity, emerge as the most influential factors driving land-use changes, rangeland diminution, and degradation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rangeland degradation
  • Land use policies
  • Rural community
  • Rangeland laws
  • Unsustainable land use

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 آبان 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 فروردین 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 05 شهریور 1402

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