چندریختی کفشدوزک‏های دو گونه از جنس(Mulsant) Adalia ، (Col.: Coccinellidae) روی گیاهان جنگلی و زینتی در دو منطقه شاهرود و بسطام (استان سمنان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حشره شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

2 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود. شاهرود. ایران

3 مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کفشدوزک‏های(Linnaeus) Adalia bipunctata و(Linnaeus) Adalia. decempunctata به عنوان دو گونه‏ی چند شکل معرفی شده‏اند که در کنترل طبیعی آفات بخصوص شته‏ها نقش مهمی دارند. برای بررسی تنوع شکلی این دو گونه و تنوع پراکنش آنها برحسب گونه‏های گیاهی نمونه‏برداری‏های وسیعی انجام شد. برای جمع‏آوری نمونه‏ها از تور حشره‏گیری و سینی سفید استفاده شد. پس از انتقال نمونه‏ها به آزمایشگاه، در شیشه‏های حاوی الکل 75 درصد قرار داده شدند. برای شناسایی کفشدوزک‏ها از مشخصات شکل‏شناسی خارجی و اندام‏های تناسلی نر و ماده استفاده شد. جداسازی ریخت‏های مختلف برأس اس خصوصیات مرفولوژیکی مانند رنگ و الگو، تعداد و اندازه خال‏های روی بالپوش و پیش‏گرده انجام شد. در مجموع 26 ریخت از جنس Adalia شناسایی شد. دو گونه  A. bipunctataو A. decempunctataنسبت به سایر گونه‏های دیگر روی گیاهان جنگلی و زینتی به ترتیب در مرتبه دوم با فراوانی 27% و در مرتبه چهارم با فراوانی 15% قرار دارند. معرفی گونه‏های چندشکل کفشدوزک Adalia برای اولین بار در منطقه شاهرود انجام شده است و می تواند زمینه تحقیقات بعدی در رأس تای برنامه‏های کنترل بیولوژیک در خصوص استفاده کارآمدتر از کفشدوزک‏های این منطقه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying on Polymorphism of two species of Adalia (Col.: Coccinellidae) on ornamental and forest plants in Shahrood and Bastam regions in Semnan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mona Toozanejani 1
  • Maryam Ajamhassani 2
  • Seyyed Ebrahim Sadeghi 3
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
3 Research Institute of Forests & Rangelands, (RIFR), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Polymorphism occurs in Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus) and A. dcempunctata (Linnaeus). These ladybirds play important role in biological control programs of insect pests particularly aphids affecting ornamental and forest plants. In order to study polymorphism as well as dispersion in terms of host plants, intensive sampling procedures was conducted in two different climates of Shahrood and Bastam regions during 2015. White-tray and net traps were used to collect the beetles. After transferring to the laboratory, specimens were placed in glass gars with 75% ethanol. Identification was conducted based on general morphological characters as well as of their genitalia. Different morphs were identified based on morphological characteristics including color, size, pattern and number of spots on dorsal surface of the elytra and pronotum. In sum, 26 different morphs of the genus Adalia were identified. Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus) and A. dcempunctata (Linnaeus).are second and forth compare to other species in terms of their abundances on ornamental and forest host plants( with a frequency of 27%. and 15%, respectively).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Polymorphism
  • Adalia. bipunctata
  • Adalia. dcempunctata
  • Shahrood and Bastam

مراجع

-       Benham, B. R., Lonsdale, D.,  Muggleton, J., 1974. Is polymorphism in two-spot ladybird an example of non-industrial melanism. Nature (Lond), 249: 179-180  (In Persian).
-       Creed, E. R., 1966. Geographic variation in the two-spot ladybird in England and Wales. Heredity, 21: 57-72.
-       Creed, E. R., 1971. Melanism in the two-spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata, in Great Britain. Ecological Genetics and Evolution (Ed. by E. R. CREED), pp.134-151. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
-       Creed, E. R., 1974. Two spot ladybirds as indicators of intense local air pollution. Nature (Lond), 249: 390-392.
-       De Jong, P., Gussekloo, S., Brakefield, P., 1996. Differences in thermal balance, body temperature and activity between non-melanic and melanic two-spot ladybird beetles  (Adalia bipunctata) under controlled conditions. Journal of Experimental Biology,199: 2655–2666.
-       De Jong, P. W.,  Brakefield, P. M., 1998. Climate and Change in Clines for Melanism in the Two-Spot Ladybird Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Biological Sciences,Proceeding of the Royal Society of London, series B 265: 39-43.
-       Dobzhansky, T., 1933. Geographical variation in lady-beetles. Am. national. 67: 97–126.
-       Forsman, A., 1999. Reproductive life history variation among color morphs of the pygmy grasshopper Tetrix subulata. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 67: 47-261.
-       Forsman, A., Ringblom K., Civantos E.,  Ahnesjo, J., 2002. Coevolution of color pattern and thermoregulatory behavior in polymorphic pygmy grasshoppers Tetrix undulate. Evolution, 56: 349-360.
-       Gordon, R., 1982. West Indian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) New Species of Nexophallus Gordon from trinidana, The coleoptrists Bull, 36(1):118-120.
-       Iablokof Khenzorian, S. M., 1982. Les Coccinelles Coleopteres Coccinellidae. Tribu Coccinellini des regions Palearectige et orientale. Paris, 568pp.
-       Gullan P. J.,  Cranston, P.S.,  2004. The insects: an outline of entomology (3 ed.). Wiley-Blackwell, pp: 198–199.
-       Hajizadeh, J., Jalali Sandi, J., Peyravi Cheshnas, H.A., 2002. Introducing some Ladybirds (Col.: Coccinellidae) in Gilan province. Agariculture and Natural Resources Sciences, 9 (4): 99-110.
-       Hamalainen, M., 1977. Control of aphids on sweet peppers, chrysanthemums and roses in small greenhouses using the ladybeetles Coccinella septempunctata and Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Annales Agriculturae Fenniae,16: 117–131.
-       Hamalainen, M., 1980. Evaluation of two native coccinellids for aphid control in glasshouses. International Organisation for Biological Control. West Palaearctic Regional Section, 3: 59–63.
-       Hodek, I., Honek, A., 1996. Ecology of Coccinellidae. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
-       Hodek, I., 1973. Biology of Coccinellidae. Czechoslova. Academy of Science Prague, 260pp.
-       Hodek, I. 1975.  Diapause development in Aelia acuminata females (Heteroptera), Věstník Čs. Spol. Zool. 3: 178-194.
-       Honek, A., Martinkova, Z.,  Pekar, S., 2005.  Temporal stability of morph frequency in central European populations of Adalia bipunctata and Adalia. decempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). European Journal of Entomology, 102: 437–442
-       Honek, A., Martinkova, Z., Saska, P.,  Dixon, A., 2012. Temporal variation in elytral colour polymorphism in Hippodamia variegate (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). European Journal of Entomology, 109: 389–394.
-       Jafari, R., Kamali, K., 2007. Faunistic study of Ladybird (Col.: Coccinellidae) in Lorestan province and report of new records for Iran. New Finding in Agriculture, 1 (4): 349-359 (In Persian).
-       Lees, D. R., Creed,  R., Duckett, J.G., 1973. Atmospheric pollution and industrial melanism. Heredity, 30: 227-232.
-       Loloei, K., Ensafpour, Gh.R., 1999. Shahroud and Historical Complex of Bastam. Iran Shenakht, No. 15., p: 234. Lusis, J. J., 1928. On inheritance of color and pattern in ladybeetles Adalia bipunctata and Adalia Decimpunctata. Izvestie Byuro Genetiki Leningrad, 6: 89-163 (In Persian).
-       Lusis, J. J., 1932. An analysis of the dominance phenomenon in the inheritance of the elytra and pronotum color in Adalia bipunctata, Trudy Lab. Genet, 9: 135-162.
-       Lusis, J. J., 1961. On the biological meaning of color polymorphism of ladybeetle Adalia bipunctata L. Latvijas Entomologs, 4: 3-29.
-       Majrus, M.Kearns, P., 1989. Ladybirds, Richmond co. Ltd, 104pp.
-       Majerus, M. E. N.,  Zakharov, I. A., 2000. Does thermal melanism maintain melanic polymorphism in the two-spot ladybird Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Zh. Obshch. Biol, 61: 381–392.
-       Mehrnejad, M. R., 2010. Potential biological control agents of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae, a review, Entomofauna, 31: 249–272.
-       Mehrnejad, M. R.,  Jalali, M. A., 2004. Life history parameters of the coccinellid beetle, Oenopia conglobata contaminata, an important predator of the common pistachio psylla. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 14: 701–71 (In Persian).
-       Mehrnejad, M. R., Jalali, M. A.,  R. Mirzaei, R., 2011. Abundance and biological parameters of psyllophagous coccinellids in pistachio orchards. Journal of Applied Entomology, 135: 673-681 (In Persian).
-       Petranka J. A., Rushlow W., Hopey, M. E., 1998. Predation by tadpoles of Rana sylvatica on embryos of Ambystoma maculatum: implications of ecological role reversals by Rana (predator) and Ambystoma (prey). Herpetologica, 54: 1-13.
-       Prakash, C. Joshi., Pushpendra, K. Sharma., 2008. First Records of Coccinellid Beetles (Coccinellidae) from the Haridwar, (Uttarakhand), India. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, 8(2): 157-167.
-       Roy, H.E., Brown, P.M.J., Frost, R.,  Poland, R.L., 2012. Ladybirds (Coccinellidae) Of Britain and Ireland. Biological Records Centre, 198pp.
-       Salehi, T., Mehrnejad, M.R., 2013. Polymorphism of Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the cultivated- and wild pistachio trees in Kerman province . Entomology and Phytopathology, 81 (2): 135-142 (In Persian).
-       Vojdani, S., 1964. Benefical and harmful Ladybirds of Iran. Tehran University Press, Tehran, 153p (In Persian).
-       Wyss, E., Villiger, M., Hemptinne, J. L.,   Muller scharer  H., 1999. Effects of augmentative releases of eggs and larvae of the two-spot ladybird beetle, Adalia bipunctata, on the abundance of the rosy apple aphid, Disaphis plantaginea, in organic apple orchards. Entomology Experimental Apply90: 167–173.
-       Zakharov, I. A., 2003. Industrial melanism and its dynamics in populations of the two-spot ladybird Adalia bipunctata L. Uspekhi sovremennoi biologi, 123: 3–15.
-       Zare, M., Jafari, R., Dehghan Dehnavi,  L.,   Javan, S., 2012. Polymorphism of Adalia bipunctata Mulsant (Col.: Coccinellidae) in Center of Iran. Global Advanced Research Journal of Microbiology, 1(2) pp: 027-032 (In Persian).
-        Zare Khormizi, M., Biranvand, A.,  Shakarami, J., 2013. The faunestic survey of lady beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the Mehriz region (Yazd, province), Iran. Bulletin of the Iraq natural history museum, 12 (4): 43-51 (In Persian).

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 17 شهریور 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 مرداد 1395

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار