رابطه‌ی بین برخی از متغیرهای محیطی با روند گسترش بیماری ذغالی در درختان بلندمازو (Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای جنگلشناسی و اکولوژی جنگل )پاتولوژی جنگل)، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشیار، گروه جنگلشناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 دانشیار، گروه آمار، دانشکده آمار، دانشگاه گلستان

چکیده

   در سال‎های اخیر شیوع بیماری ذغالی ناشی از قارچ Biscogniauxia mediterranea (De Not.) Kuntze،در جنگل‌های بلوط ایران در حال گسترش است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطه‌ی بین برخی از متغیرهای محیطی بر روند اپیدمی بیماری ذغالی در دوره زمانی یکساله (1393-1392) در درختان بلوط بلندمازو در پارک جنگلی قرق در استان گلستان انجام شد. برای این منظور، وضعیت سلامت 385 اصله درخت در هفت ترانسکت با 102 گره بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که 8/25، 4/14 و 8/59 درصد درختان نمونه‌برداری شده به ترتیب سالم، کاملاً خشک و دارای درجات مختلف آلودگی به بیماری ذغالی بودند. میزان آلودگی و افزایش شدت خسارت در درختان قطور بیشتر از درختان جوان است، با وجود این میزان مرگ و میر در درختان جوان بالاتر بود. در مجموع، میزان مرگ و میر و آلودگی درختان بلندمازو در منطقه مورد مطالعه به ترتیب 5/1 و 5/49 درصد در سال می‌باشد. علاوه بر این نتایج نشان داد که ارتفاع از سطح دریا و شیب زمین از عوامل مؤثر بر چگونگی توزیع شدت و میزان آلودگی بیماری ذغالی هستند. شیوع بیماری ذغالی، اثرات مخربی بر ساختار جنگل‎‎های بلوط دارد به‎طوری‎که تحت تأثیر متغیرهای محیطی قرار می‎‎گیرد. در نهایت، تهیه مدل‎‎های اپیدمی بیماری، نیاز به درک درستی از چگونگی اثرگذاری متغیرهای محیطی بر تعامل میزبان- پاتوژن، دارد و یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌تواند الگوی مناسبی برای مدیریت و کنترل بیماری ذغالی فراهم کند و برای حفاظت و احیاء اکوسیستم‌های جنگلی به‎کار گرفته شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the relationship between some environmental variables and spread of charcoal disease on chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia CA Mey)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jalil Karami 1
  • Mohamadreza Kavosi 2
  • Manouchehr Babanezhad 3
1 Student, Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Dept. of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Recourses. Golestan, Iran
2 Department of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Recourses. Golestan, Iran.
3 - Associate professor, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Golestan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

    Outbreak of charcoal disease caused by Biscogniauxia mediterranea (De Not.) Kuntze, have occurred periodically in oak forests of Iran in recent years. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between some environmental variables and charcoal epidemic disease during the years 2013 - 2014 at chestnut leaved oak trees in the national park of Qoroq in Golestan province. For this purpose, the health status of 385 trees were examined in seven transects with 102 nodes. The results showed that 25.8, 14.4 and 59.8 percent of the selected trees were not infected, completely dried or with different infection levels, respectively. The infection rate and severity of the damage increased more in the old trees than the young; however, the mortality rate was higher than in the young trees. Overall, the mortality rate and infection of the oak trees in the study area were 49.5 and 1.5 percent per year, respectively. The results showed that elevation and slope were the main factors affecting the severity distribution and infection rate of charcoal disease. Outbreak of charcoal disease had profound adverse effects on the structure of oak forests, and this was influenced by environmental variables. Finally, preparing the epidemic models of disease requires an understanding of how environmental variables influence the interaction between host and pathogen. The findings of this study may provide an appropriate model for the management and control of the charcoal disease and provide protection and restore the forest ecosystem.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Quercus castaneifolia
  • Charcoal Disease
  • environmental variables
  • Biscogniauxia mediterranea
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